Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish ritual objects. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Sabbath at home and in the synagogue. Engraving by Johann Georg Puschner. From Jüdisches Ceremoniel, first published by Paul Christian Kirchner in 1717, edited and reissued by the Christian Hebraist Sebastian Jugendres in 1724, published Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath.
Black-and-white engraving with three scenes: a Jewish circumcision (at left), Moses and The Ten Commandments (center), and lighting the Sabbath lamp (right). Engraving by François Morellon La Cave. From Naaukeurige beschryving der uitwendige godtsdienst-plichten, kerk-zeden en gewoontens van alle volkeren der waereldt, Volume 1, by Bernard Picart, translated by Abraham Moubach, published: Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Den Haag: Uytwerf, Beman en Van der Kloot, 1727-38.
Black-and-white wood engraving depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. Original illustration from the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. From the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Rosh Hashanah postcard with a Yiddish poem : "How clean the house is. Mother lights the candle / And pours out her heart for the Creator / Father's face radiates joy / And he is mefalpel in Torah."
Rosh Hashanah postcard by Hayyim Goldberg depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. The text is excerpted from the blessing over the Havdalah candle : "Who creates the lights of the fire."
Rosh Hashanah postcard by Hayyim Goldberg depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. The postcard includes the text of a piyyut sung after the ceremony : " Who distinguishes between sacred and profane / May He forgive our iniquities / Our children and our fortunes shall multiply like the sand / And the stars of the night."
Rosh Hashanah postcard with a Yiddish poem : "Grandfather goes away to shul / Mother lights the candles with tears / 'God in heaven, May you with joy / Bring us the New Year!'"
Rosh Hashanah postcard by Hayyim Goldberg with a Yiddish poem : "In merit of the candle that I light here now / In merit of the holy fire / Be gracious to me, God, with my husband, with the children / Illuminate and shine upon us this New Year!"
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