Black-and-white engraving depicting reading from a Torah scroll, above, and a Jewish circumcision, below. The Hebrew text on the Torah scroll reads : "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). Frontispiece from Johannis BuxtorfI patris, Synagoga Judaica : de judaeorum fide, ritibus, ceremoniis, tam publicis & sacris, quàm privatis, in domestica vivendi ratione by Johannes Buxtorf, published Basileae: Sumptibus authoris, apud Johan. Jacobum Deckerum.
Black-and-white engraving depicting implements used in the ritual of circumcision. Below, a Torah scroll and its ornaments. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.