Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jewish men in the National Guard during the November Uprising (1830-1831). From Di Iden in Rusland un Poylen by Israel Friedlaender. Originally printed in Les Israélites de Pologne by Léon Hollaenderski.
This circa 1917 photograph was taken in Poland and shows Mortre Mendel Ajzensztark, Francine's father, while he was in the Polish army. Once in France, he changed his name to Maurice.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jewish merchants from Poland. From a drawing by Eugène Joseph Viollat. From Ridpath's universal history, Volume 5, by John Clark Ridpath.
Color lithograph depicting people of Poland, including a Jewish man, woman, and child in the upper panel. From Le costume historique by Auguste Racinet, published Paris: Firmin-Didot et cie.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jews from Poland. From a drawing by Francis David Millet. From the article "Through the Caucasus" by Ralph Meeker, published in the April 1887 edition of Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
Color lithograph depicting people of Poland, including a Jewish man, woman, and child in the upper panel. From Le costume historique by Auguste Racinet, published Paris: Firmin-Didot et cie.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Polish Jews in Russia. The associated article reads : "A sketch by our artist in Russia, or rather on the borders of Russian Poland, shows a two-horse cart of rustic apperance, closely packed with eager merchants of country wares and commodities for the use of the peasantry, one and all belonging to the Hebrew race, who carry on most of the inland trade in those parts of the Czar's dominions. They are travelling to the next market-town, where they will buy and sell to a considerable profit, as the Jews never fail to do in Russia, if in any country in the world." Published in the March 27, 1880, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jewish men from Poland. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jews from Poland in the synagogue on Yom Kippur. After a drawing by Wilhelm August Stryowski. Published in the October 15, 1864, edition of L'Univers illustré.
