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2. Dientje Krant and Edith Koster, 1941

Dientje Krant and Edith Koster, 1941
Date:
1941
Description:
This 1941 photograph was taken in Amstersam at the home of Edith Koster, Dientje's closest friend. It shows Dientje (left) and Edith (right), who died during the war.

3. Dientje Krant, 1942

Dientje Krant, 1942
Date:
1942
Description:
This 1942 photograph shows Dientje Krant with a stuffed dog at Edith Koster's house in Amsterdam, just before she went into hiding.

4. Anna Philine Nathans-Paerl false identification, 1941

Anna Philine Nathans-Paerl false identification, 1941
Date:
1941
Description:
This 1941 false identification was used by Anna Philine Nathans-Paerl, mother of Vera Nathans. Anna used this identification during the war until it was discovered that she was Jewish and then she was sent to Bergen-Belsen.

7. Nathans and Blauuw families, 1964

Nathans and Blauuw families, 1964
Date:
1964
Description:
This 1964 photograph was taken at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and shows Vera with members of her family along with one of the nurses, Corrie Blauuw, who hid her during the war and her family. Also seen in the photograph is Nico Visjager, who was hidden with Vera during the war. Corrie protected the two children by claiming that they were her twins. Pictured, from left: Ans Nathans, Vera's mother; Vera Nathans; Corrie Blauuw; Corrie's unnamed sister; Corrie's unnamed niece; Nico Visjager, Vera's “twin” while in hiding; Mieke Nathans, Vera's sister; Hemmy Nathans, Vera's father.

8. Nico and Ellen Visjager, circa 1968

Nico and Ellen Visjager, circa 1968
Date:
1960-1969
Description:
This circa 1968 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Nico Visjager, who was hidden with Vera during the war, and his wife, Ellen.

12. Lion Barend Paerl birth certificate, 1859

Lion Barend Paerl birth certificate, 1859
Date:
1859
Description:
This is the 1859 birth certificate for Lion Barend Paerl, son of Barend Lion Paerl and Sophia Jacobs, and maternal great-grandfather of Vera Nathans.

15. Lion Barend Paerl synagogue certificate, 1833

Lion Barend Paerl synagogue certificate, 1833
Date:
1833
Description:
This 1833 certificate designates Lion Barend Paerl, maternal great-great-great-grandfather of Vera Nathans, as the president of the Nederlandsche Israelitische Hoofd-Synagoge te Amsterdam.

16. Berend Lion Paerl, circa 1938

Berend Lion Paerl, circa 1938
Date:
1930-1939
Description:
This circa 1938 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Vera's maternal grandfather, Berend Lion Paerl.

17. Mietje Paerl, circa 1938

Mietje Paerl, circa 1938
Date:
1930-1939
Description:
This circa 1938 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Vera's maternal grandmother, Mietje Paerl (née Hymans).

24. Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam

Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

27. Amsterdam, Muiderstraat

Amsterdam, Muiderstraat
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

30. Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam

Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

32. Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam

Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the inner court and gate of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

35. Mr. Cocadorus, Markthumorist. Amsterdam.

Mr. Cocadorus, Markthumorist. Amsterdam.
Date:
1910
Description:
Black-and-white photographic portrait of market vendor Meier Linnewiel (1876-1934), known as Kokadorus, at the market on the Amstelveld.

36. Anne Frank Huis

Anne Frank Huis
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the exterior of the Anne Frank House.

37. Anne Frank Huis

Anne Frank Huis
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the exterior of the Anne Frank House.

38. Verzetsmounument De Dokwerker

Verzetsmounument De Dokwerker
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the statue De Dokwerker in Amsterdam, which commemorates the February Strike of 1941. The general strike was organized against anti-Jewish measures implemented by the Nazis in the Netherlands.

39. [Hollandsche Schouwburg, monument]

[Hollandsche Schouwburg, monument]
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the monument at the Hollandse Schouwburg. The building served as a theater from 1892 to 1943 and as a deportation center for Jews during the Holocaust. It is currently a Jewish museum and memorial.

41. [Hollandsche Schouwburg, chapelle ardente]

[Hollandsche Schouwburg, chapelle ardente]
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the chapelle ardente at the Hollandse Schouwburg. The building served as a theater from 1892 to 1943 and as a deportation center for Jews during the Holocaust. It is currently a Jewish museum and memorial.

42. [Hollandsche Schouwburg, chapelle ardente]

[Hollandsche Schouwburg, chapelle ardente]
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the chapelle ardente at the Hollandse Schouwburg. The building served as a theater from 1892 to 1943 and as a deportation center for Jews during the Holocaust. It is currently a Jewish museum and memorial.

44. Amsterdam. Weesperstraat.

Amsterdam. Weesperstraat.
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the Weesperstraat, a street in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam.

48. Liberaal Joodse Gemeente Amsterdam

Liberaal Joodse Gemeente Amsterdam
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the interior of the synagogue of the Liberal Jewish Community of Amsterdam.

51. Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam

Portugese Synagoge Amsterdam
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

57. Synagogedienst ter gelegenheid van het 300-jarig bestaan van de hoogduitse Gemeente in Amsterdam, in 1935. Martin Monnickendam (1874-1943), pastel en gouache; 1935 / Synagogue service commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Ashkenazic Community of Amsterdam, in 1935. Martin Monnickendam (1874-1943), pastel and gouache

Synagogedienst ter gelegenheid van het 300-jarig bestaan van de hoogduitse Gemeente in Amsterdam, in 1935. Martin Monnickendam (1874-1943), pastel en gouache; 1935 / Synagogue service commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Ashkenazic Community of Amsterdam, in 1935. Martin Monnickendam (1874-1943), pastel and gouache
Description:
Postcard with a reproduction of Martin Monnickendam's painting of a synagogue service commemorating the 300th anniversary of the Ashkenazic Community of Amsterdam.

59. Verzetsmounument De Dokwerker

Verzetsmounument De Dokwerker
Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the statue De Dokwerker in Amsterdam, which commemorates the February Strike of 1941. The general strike was organized against anti-Jewish measures implemented by the Nazis in the Netherlands.

60. Kokadorus oop het Amstelveld

Kokadorus oop het Amstelveld
Date:
1904
Description:
Black-and-white photographic portrait of market vendor Meier Linnewiel (1876-1934), known as Kokadorus, at the market on the Amstelveld.

62. AMSTERDAM, Waterlooplein

AMSTERDAM, Waterlooplein
Description:
Color postcard of the Waterlooplein, a square in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam.

65. Amsterdam. Joden Breestraat.

Amsterdam. Joden Breestraat.
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the Jodenbreestraat, a street in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam.

66. Amsterdam. Weesperstraat.

Amsterdam. Weesperstraat.
Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the Weesperstraat, a street in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam.

67. Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An / Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands

Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An / Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands
Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

68. Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands

Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands
Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

69. Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An

Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An
Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

70. Jewish Ceremony of Sounding the Horn on New Year's Day

Jewish Ceremony of Sounding the Horn on New Year's Day
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

71. Celebration of the Day of Forgiveness, by the Jews in Germany

Celebration of the Day of Forgiveness, by the Jews in Germany
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

72. Religious Penance observ'd by the antient Jews

Religious Penance observ'd by the antient Jews
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

73. Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil / Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps

Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil / Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps
Date:
1723
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

74. La Péntitence des Juifs Allemans dans leur Synagogue

La Péntitence des Juifs Allemans dans leur Synagogue
Date:
1737
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving by Pieter Tanjé after Louis Fabricius Dubourg. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 5, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

75. Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps

Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps
Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish burial. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

76. Het bad der Hoogduitsche Jooden, te Amsterdam

Het bad der Hoogduitsche Jooden, te Amsterdam
Date:
1783
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the mikveh of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten by William Hurd, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

77. Religious Penance observ'd by the ancient Jews

Religious Penance observ'd by the ancient Jews
Date:
1811
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new univeral history of the religious rites, ceremonies and customs of the whole world by William Hurd, published Manchester: J. Gleave.

78. Jaapje Block

Jaapje Block
Date:
1870 and 1869
Description:
Hand-colored wood engraving of a hunchbacked Jewish man, Jaapje Blok, who hires himself out as a lectern at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Wood engraving by Henricus Adrianus (Henri) Bogaerts. Published in De katholieke illustratie : zondags-lektuur voor het katholieke Nederlandsche volk.

79. De Hoogduitsche Jooden Kerk / La Sijnagogue allemande

De Hoogduitsche Jooden Kerk / La Sijnagogue allemande
Date:
1825
Description:
Hand-colored etching of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Willem Hendrik Hoogamer after a drawing by Cornelis de Kruyff. From Vues choisies d'Amsterdam et ses environs dessinées d'après nature par C. de Kuyf et autres artistes, published Amsterdam: chez Franois Buffa & Fils.

80. La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né

La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né
Date:
1741
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde / representées en 243 figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard, avec des explications historiques & curieuses par M. l’abbé Banier & par M. l’abbé Mascrier, Volume 1, published Paris: Rollin fils, 1741.

81. La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né

La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né
Date:
1722
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

82. Der Joden Biddekleed, en Gedenk-Ceedels aan Hoofd en Hand

Der Joden Biddekleed, en Gedenk-Ceedels aan Hoofd en Hand
Date:
1700
Description:
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish man wearing a tallis (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries). He stands in front of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Text excerpted from Deuteronomy 6:8-9: "And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates." Etching by Jan Luyken. From Mosaize historie der Hebreeuwse kerke, Volume 3, by Willem Goeree, published Amsterdam: Willem and David Goeree.

83. The Passover Celebrated by the Portuguese Jews

The Passover Celebrated by the Portuguese Jews
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

84. L'Examen du Levain &c. / Le Repas de Paques chez les Juifs Portugais

L'Examen du Levain &c. / Le Repas de Paques chez les Juifs Portugais
Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

85. The Search for the Leavened Bread, &c. a domestic Ceremony in the Jewish Religion

The Search for the Leavened Bread, &c. a domestic Ceremony in the Jewish Religion
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

86. Gemaskerd bal, by gelegenheid van het Joodsche Purim-Feest

Gemaskerd bal, by gelegenheid van het Joodsche Purim-Feest
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a masked ball on the occasion of Purim. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

89. [Simchat Torah]

[Simchat Torah]
Description:
Hand-colored engraving depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart.

90. Celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles, a great Festival among the Jews

Celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles, a great Festival among the Jews
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the interior of a sukkah during the celebration of Sukkot. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

91. [Sukkot]

[Sukkot]
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving after Bernard Picart.

92. Huwelyks-plegtigheid van de Portugeesche Jooden

Huwelyks-plegtigheid van de Portugeesche Jooden
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Jacobus Buys. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

93. The Nuptial Ceremony of the Portuguese Jews

The Nuptial Ceremony of the Portuguese Jews
Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

94. Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Portugais / Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Allemands

Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Portugais / Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Allemands
Date:
1722
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

95. Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil

Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil
Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish funeral. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

96. [Funeral, burial]

[Funeral, burial]
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. After an engraving by Bernard Picart.

99. Simcha Tora ou Ioye pour la Loy / Manière de conduire les Époux de la Loy, chez eux

Simcha Tora ou Ioye pour la Loy / Manière de conduire les Époux de la Loy, chez eux
Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

100. Simcha Tora or Rejoicing for the Law

Simcha Tora or Rejoicing for the Law
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart.