Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the Book of Exodus. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the Books of Samuel and Chronicles. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the Book of Esther. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Black-and-white engraving depicting imagery associated with the Book of Psalms, including David playing the harp. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the Book of Leviticus. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish high priest in his vestments. From An universal history, from the earliest account of time : compiled from original authors; and illustrated with maps, cuts, notes, &c. with a general index to the whole, Volume 3, published London: Printed for T. Osborne 1747-1768.
Black-and-white engraving depicting sacrifices at the Temple for Sukkot. Engraving by Coenraad de Putter. From Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du monde, jusqu’à présent, Volume 7, published Amsterdam: Arkstée et Merkus, 1742-1782.
Black-and-white engraving of the interior of a synagogue. Engraving by James Mynde. From A new history of the Holy Bible, from the beginning of the world to the establishment of Christianity, Volume 2, by Thomas Stackhouse, published London: Printed for Stephen Austen, 1742-1744.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. Engraving by George Bickham. From The Universal Penman by George Bickham, published London: Printed for the author.
Hand-colored engraved map identifying the distribution of languages of the world, particularly Asia. It includes charts of Hebrew, Syriac, Perso-Arabic, Armenian and Palmyrene scripts. Engraving by Sebastian Dorn after Gottfried Hensel. From Synopsis universae philologiae by Gottfried Hensel, published Norimbergae : in commissis apvd heredes Homannianos.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde / representées en 243 figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard, avec des explications historiques & curieuses par M. l’abbé Banier & par M. l’abbé Mascrier, Volume 1, published Paris: Rollin fils, 1741.
Black-and-white woodcut map of the twelve tribes of Israel. From Psalm 80: 9-12 : "Thou didst pluck up a vine out of Egypt; Thou didst drive out the nations, and didst plant it. Thou didst clear a place before it, and it took deep root, and filled the land. The mountains were covered with the shadow of it, and the mighty cedars with the boughs thereof. She sent out her branches unto the sea and her shoots unto the River." Frontispiece to Onomasticum Veteris Testamenti, sive, Tractatus philologicus quo nomina V.T. propria ad appellativorum analogiam reducta ex originibus et formis suis explicantur, cum aliarum gentium nominibus conferuntur, impositionis ratio, quantum fieri potuit, ubique ostenditur, atque adeo linguae originali noua lux affunditur by Johann Simonis, published Halae Magdeburgicae : Impensis Orphanotrophei.
Black-and-white engraving depicting priestly vestments. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Jewish rituals of a Sotah (woman suspected of adultery) undergoing the ordeal of bitter water, a burial, and a circumsision. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish holiday rituals, including eating in a sukkah during Sukkot, a haircut during Lag BaOmer, providing treats to children for Simchat Torah, and kiddush levana on Rosh Chodesh. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish holiday rituals, including lighting a menorah on Hanukkah, Purim festivities, mourning on Tisha B'Av, and the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish ritual objects, including tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzah, shofar, kiddush cup, tefillin, and Torah scroll. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the execution by hanging of financier Joseph Süß Oppenheimer: his exit from Stuttgart under armed guard, above, and his hanging outside the city, below. Engraving by Jakob Gottlieb Thelot after Lucas Conrad Pfandzelt. Published Augsburg: Romanus Heid.
Medal commemorating the execution by hanging of financier Joseph Süß Oppenheimer in 1738. On the observe, a portrait of Oppenheimer. On the reverse, a depiction of the gallows with the words "Aus diesem Vogelhaus schaugt Sus der Schelm heraus" (From this bird cage, the rogue Süß looks out).
Black-and-white engraving depicting financier Joseph Süß Oppenheimer after his execution by hanging. He holds a torch that lights his journey to the netherworld; the gallows can be seen in the background. In the right corner lays his wig, a symbol of his former status.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving by Pieter Tanjé after Louis Fabricius Dubourg. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 5, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of historian Josephus (born Joseph ben Matityahu). Frontispiece to The works of Flavius Josephus : which are extant, translated by John Court, published London: Printed by R. Penny and J. Janeway.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes). From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish man holding a mezuzah. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving of a Aaron in the vestments of a Jewish high priest. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting King David kneeling next to the Jewish high priest, consulting the urim and thummim. Engraving by François van Bleyswyck. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish high priest in his vestments. Engraving by François van Bleyswyck. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Aaron and his sons sacrificing a ram, as described in Exodus 29:13-22. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Aaron at the altar of incense, as described in Exodus 30:1-2. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Aaron at the altar of incense, as described in Exodus 30:1-2. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Zipporah circumcising her son, as described in Exodus 4:25. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting consuming the Passover lamb, as described in Exodus 12:11. Engraving by Martin Tyroff. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving illustrating the Pharisees as a brood of vipers, as described in Matthew 3:7. Engraving by Johann Georg Pintz. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the creation of man, as described in Genesis 1:26-27. Engraving by Jacob Andreas Fridrich. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving illustrating the proscription against eating pigs, as described in Leviticus 11:7. Engraving by Martin Tyroff. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting consuming the Passover lamb, as described in Exodus 12:11. Engraving by Martin Tyroff. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jacob wrestling with the angel, as described in Genesis 32:24-32. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Abimelech restoring Sarah to Abraham, as described in Genesis 20:16. Engraving by Hieronymus Sperling. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the embalming of Jacob, as described in Genesis 50:2-3. Engraving by Georg Daniel Heumann. From Kupfer-Bibel, in welcher die Physica Sacra, oder geheiligte Natur-Wissenschafft derer in Heil. Schrifft vorkommenden Natürlichen Sachen by Johann Jakob Scheuchzer published Augsburg and Ulm: Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731-1735.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish man holding a mezuzah. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 4, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting tefillin (phylacteries). From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 3, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting building sukkahs for the celebration of Sukkot. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 3, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting lighting the Sabbath lamp. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 3, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the vestments of a Pharisee. Engraving by Johann Carl Joseph Störcklin. From Biblia, das ist: die gantze Heilige Schrifft Alten und Neuen Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Basel: Thurneysen.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the vestments of the Jewish high priest. Engraving by Johann Carl Joseph Störcklin. From Biblia, das ist: die gantze Heilige Schrifft Alten und Neuen Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Basel: Thurneysen.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish priest in his vestments. Engraving by Johann Gottfried Kolb. From Dictionarium historicum, criticum, chronologicum, geographicum, et literale Sacrae Scripturae, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published Augsburg: Veith.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish high priest in his vestments. Engraving by Johann Gottfried Kolb. From Dictionarium historicum, criticum, chronologicum, geographicum, et literale Sacrae Scripturae, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published Augsburg: Veith.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Passover, as described in Exodus 12: 1-27. Engraving by J. de Later after Gerard Hoet. From Figures de la Bible, drawings by Gerard Hoet and others, published The Hague: P. de Hondt.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of René of Anjou, mistakenly identified as a portrait of philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Engraving by Etienne Jehandier Desrochers.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the principal religions of the world. Judaism is depicted by a rabbi holding a Torah scroll. Engraving by Bernard Picart. Frontispiece for Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting reading from the Torah in the synagogue. From Vervolg op Flavius Josephus; of Algemene historie der joodsche naatsie, behelzende ene uitvoerige beschryving…, Volume 2, by Jacques Basnage, published Amsterdam: Gerard onder de Linden.
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Wegwyzer door Amsterdam, published Amsterdam: Nicolaas ten Hoorn.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes). From Het algemeen groot historisch, oordeelkundig, chronologisch, geografisch, en letterlyk naam- en woord-boek, van den gantschen H. Bybel by Augustin Calmet.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the tallit (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries) used during prayer. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting implements used in the ritual of circumcision. Below, a Torah scroll and its ornaments. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Jews of Rome presenting the Pentateuch to a new pope after his election. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the priestly blessing, above, and lifting the Torah, below, at the Portuguese Synagogue in the Hague. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony. From Jüdisches Ceremoniel, first published by Paul Christian Kirchner in 1717, edited and reissued by the Christian Hebraist Sebastian Jugendres in 1724, published Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish ritual objects. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Sabbath at home and in the synagogue. Engraving by Johann Georg Puschner. From Jüdisches Ceremoniel, first published by Paul Christian Kirchner in 1717, edited and reissued by the Christian Hebraist Sebastian Jugendres in 1724, published Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving with three scenes: a Jewish circumcision (at left), Moses and The Ten Commandments (center), and lighting the Sabbath lamp (right). Engraving by François Morellon La Cave. From Naaukeurige beschryving der uitwendige godtsdienst-plichten, kerk-zeden en gewoontens van alle volkeren der waereldt, Volume 1, by Bernard Picart, translated by Abraham Moubach, published: Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Den Haag: Uytwerf, Beman en Van der Kloot, 1727-38.
Engraving of a Jewish man wearing a prayer shawl and phylacteries. From Introduction à l'Ecriture sainte, où l'on traite tout ce qui concerne les Juifs… by Bernard Lamy.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Hand-colored engraving depicting the Judengasse in Augsburg. Engraving by Karl Remshard. Published Augsburg: Kaiserlich Franciscische Akademie der Freien Künste und Wissenschaften. From the series Collection des Prospects : Vue de la Ville Imperiale d'Augsbourg.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish woman from Cairo. From Atlas historique, ou, Nouvelle introduction à l'histoire, à la chronologie & à la géographie ancienne & moderne,Volume 6, by Henri Abraham Chatelain, published Amsterdam: Chez François L'Honoré & Compagnie, 1705-1720.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish man from Cairo. From Atlas historique, ou, Nouvelle introduction à l'histoire, à la chronologie & à la géographie ancienne & moderne,Volume 6, by Henri Abraham Chatelain, published Amsterdam: Chez François L'Honoré & Compagnie, 1705-1720.
Black-and-white engraving of the celebration of Purim at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam in 1712. Engraving by William Forrest after an engraving by Bernard Picart. From The faiths of the world; an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, published Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.
Engraving and text from Darstellungen menschlicher Narrheiten (Representations of human follies). In German, the text reads : "Was wolt Ihr Juden bey den Sachen, / soll man euch auch zu Narren machen. / Sie wollen einen Wipper krönen. / Der sich mit ihnen wird versöhnen. / Weil er so viel Profit genomen, / als feinen Juden zu gekomen." In English, the text reads : "What do you Jews want by those things, should you all be made into fools as well. / They want to crown a "Wipper," / Who will reconcile with them. / Because he took so much profit, that he became a well off Jew." This engraving is part of a series satirizing the foolish schemes people believed during the economic crisis in the early 17th century. The title "Der Kipp-und Wipper-Narr" refers to the phrase used to describe this period of hyperinflation (Kipper- und Wipperzeit), literally meaning to "Tipper and See-saw," which refers to the unstable state of the economy.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of Moses. Engraving by Joseph de Montalegre. From Biblia, das ist : die gantze Heilige Schrifft, Altes und Neues Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Nuremberg: Johann Andreas Endter.
Black-and-white engraving depicting consuming the Passover lamb, as described in Exodus 12. Engraving by Johnn Gottfried Krügner. From Biblia das ist: Die gantze Heilige Schrifft Altes und Neues Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Leipzig: Verlag Johann Ludwig Gleditsch.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a woman fulfilling the three mitzvot (commandments) for Jewish women: niddah (family purity), nerot (lighting of candles), and challah (separating a portion of dough). Frontispiece to Seder ha-tefilot : mi-kol ha-shanah ʻim perush bi-leshon Ashkenaz, published Amsterdam: Moshe ben Avraham Mendes Ḳoṭinyo.
Sheet of black-and-white engravings used as an advertisement for Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria by Abraham a Sancta Clara, published Nuremberg: Christoph Weigel, 1703. The center and right plates on the bottom row depict Jews from Frankfurt and Poland.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish man from Poland. Engraving by Christoph Weigel after Caspar Luyken. From Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria by Abraham a Sancta Clara, published Nuremberg: Christoph Weigel.
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish man wearing a tallis (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries). He stands in front of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Text excerpted from Deuteronomy 6:8-9: "And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates." Etching by Jan Luyken. From Mosaize historie der Hebreeuwse kerke, Volume 3, by Willem Goeree, published Amsterdam: Willem and David Goeree.
Black-and-white engraving depicting, above, Simon of Trent, whose disappearance and murder led to charges of blood libel against the Jewish community of Trent; below, an image of a Judensau (Jews' sow). This engraving is a copy of a wall painting on the bridge tower of Frankfurt am Main; the bridge was demolished in 1801. In German, the text reads : "Au weih Rabbi Anschl, au, au! Mausch, au weih, au, au! Sauff Mauschi, sauff die Milch! Friss du Rabbi den Dreck, es ist doch alle Zeit euer bestes Geschleck!" In English, the title reads : "In 1475 on Maundy Thursday, the child Simon, who was 2 years old, was murdered by the Jews." In English, the text reads : "Oy vey Rabbi Anschl, oy, oy! Mausch, oy vey, oy, oy! Drink Mauchi, drink the milk! Eat, Rabbi, this filth! That's your greatest delicacy!"
![[Circumsicion]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35894/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Poculum Zelotijpiæ, Sepultura Judæoum, Circumcisio]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39678/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Tuguriola, Tonsio Judaica, Festum lætitiæ Legis, Viri exeuutes ad radios lunares]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39679/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Candelabrum Encoeniorum, Festum Purim, Dies nonus July, Flagellatio Judaica]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39680/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Phylacteria, Liber Estheræ Mesusa, Inflatio tubæ, Consecratio vini, In dutus Phylacterya, Pentateuchus Mosis]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/48899/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Le Taled ou Voile, les Zizith ou Houpes, les Teffilins ou Frontaux, & quelques autres Usages qui regardent la Prière]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/48898/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Arbancanfod, Sitsith, Lampe Sabathique, Simurim, Matsot, Lulab, Citron, Sophar, Mezuza]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/36519/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/52647/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
