Nut and bolt once connected to iron bar in between interior aft pump and horizontal rod support. Images show initial connection to iron bar in the submarine interior, x-ray photograph of the bolt and nut and the adjacent bolt, corrosion of the bolt and nut after removal from concretion, and bolt and nut after conservation treatment with subcritical fluid technology.
Plain non-military buttons made of bone with depressed center and primarily four holes, though some contain five holes. Images show a small sample of twelve buttons of varying conditions before initial cleaning and desalination, seven buttons of varying conditions following cleaning and desalination, and thirty-five buttons of varying conditions following initial cleaning and desalination.
D-ring shackle made of iron, used to support the spar boom as part of the spar torpedo system, uncovered from suction pile excavation area about 2.3 m forward and to starboard of bow. Images show shackle following excavation with thick and compact shell and sediment concretion, x-ray photograph of shackle, and shackle following deconcretion, conservation treatment with caustic solution, and cleaning.
Left shoe, Brogan style, cut out of two main leather pieces with at least two metal nails in the heel and four eyelets for laces, two of them containing metal rings. Images show boot following removal from the submarine interior, x-ray photograph of the boot containing sediment and bone fragments, and boot following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Pencil composed of wood and coal, split into two halves. Images show the pencil pieces following its removal from the submarine interior sediment and pencil pieces following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Brass buckle with two prongs, possibly from a vest. Images show buckle following removal from the submarine interior with surrounding sediment and textile, and buckle following rinsing, cleaning, and thorough drying.
Brass thimble, 1.5 cm in diameter. Images show close-up of thimble following removal from the submarine and the thimble following mechanical cleaning and thorough drying.
Oil can (oiler) containing oil, composed of brass, discovered partly fused to the forward bulkhead and concreted. Images show the oil can under heavy concretion and the oil can following deconcretion, conservation treatment with caustic solution, and cleaning.
Domed brass or copper alloy non-military buttons, two-pieced with raised shank and hoop on back. Images show buttons in varying conditions following removal from submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, and four buttons showing forward face domed metal after conservation and one untreated button for comparison purposes showing reverse side with loop.
Non-military brass buttons stamped with design and either two- or four-hole depressed center. Images show four buttons following removal from submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning and two buttons following cleaning and treatment, one showing a stamped rope design and one showing a stamped star design.
This broadside is one of 15 found in the Hutson Lee papers advertising sales of slaves in Charleston in 1859 and 1860. This broadside advertises a slave auction of 106 slaves held at the slave mart on Chalmers Street being sold "under decree in equity" by Charleston Master in Equity James Tupper. This sale is advertised as taking place on January 31, 1860 on behalf of "Winthrop and Rose, Trustees Ex-parte". The broadside lists the names, ages, and, for some, previous experiences or health conditions of the slaves for sale.
This broadside is one of 15 found in the Hutson Lee papers advertising sales of slaves in Charleston in 1859 and 1860. This broadside advertises a slave auction of 235 slaves held at the slave mart on Chalmers Street on January 9th, 1860 by the Shingler Brothers. The slaves being sold were part of the estate of General James Gadsden. The broadside lists the names, ages, and, for some, previous experiences or health conditions of the slaves for sale.
This broadside is one of 15 found in the Hutson Lee papers advertising sales of slaves in Charleston in 1859 and 1860. This broadside advertises a slave auction of 27 slaves held at the slave mart on Chalmers Street on January 13th, 1860 by the firm of Wilbur and Son. The advertisement describes the slaves as being accustomed to the cultivation of rice, cotton, and other provisions. The broadside lists the names, ages, and, for some, previous experiences of the slaves for sale.
This broadside is one of 15 found in the Hutson Lee papers advertising sales of slaves in Charleston in 1859 and 1860. This broadside advertises a slave auction of 158 slaves held at the slave mart on Chalmers Street by Louis D. DeSaussure on March 13, 1860 by order of the executors of the estate of Thomas Bennett Lucas. The broadside lists the names, ages, and, for some, previous experiences or health conditions of the slaves for sale. It also describes that the slaves are "accustomed to working in a rice mill".
Wooden object, possibly a bucket or small cask, made up of staves with a solid wooden end forming the bottom. Images show some staves and wooden end of bucket in its initial location within the submarine interior sediment, staves and wooden end of bucket laid out following initial cleaning, with some staves still concreted together, and staves of bucket reconstructed with velcro bindings following conservation treatment with polyethylene glycol and freeze drying treatment.
Bull's eye lantern, made of iron, with convex glass lens. Images show concreted lantern during excavation of the submarine interior, x-ray photograph of the lantern, and lantern following and extensive cleaning and conservation treatment.
Metal suspender button loop and portion of chain made of silver. Images show concreted loop following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, loop following partial deconcretion by mechanical cleaning, and mostly deconcreted loop following mechanical cleaning with chain portion still partially concreted.
Assortment of non-military buttons made of mother-of-pearl, all following surface cleaning and desalination. Images show seven two-holed buttons in varying conditions, four four-holed buttons in varying conditions, forward face of one no-holed button with metal shank and brass hoop back, and the reverse side of one no-holed button with metal shank and brass hoop back.
Union navy uniform buttons, composed probably of brass or copper alloy, with raised upright foul anchor design on horizontal line background and rope border on forward face and backmark inscription that reads "Superfine Standard," with copper alloy attachment clip on back. Images show assortment of Union navy buttons following removal from the submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, two buttons showing forward face and one showing reverse side and clip following mechanical cleaning, four buttons all showing forward face following mechanical cleaning, one button showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with keyring on eyelet following mechanical cleaning, two buttons showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with keyring on eyelet following mechanical cleaning, one button showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with clip following mechanical cleaning, and close-up of two buttons following mechanical cleaning, one showing forward face in background and one showing lateral view of reverse side with clip in foreground.
Cameo-type, non-military button with profile of bearded, male head in brass on white stone wafer with scalloped rim. Images show the button prior to deconcretion and cleaning, and the cleaned button following conservation treatment and sediment removal.
Copper alloy Union infantry buttons, most likely pre-Civil War Federal infantry, with raised Federal eagle clasping three arrows and olive branch and shield containing a capital "I" in the center. Images show forward face of buttons in varying conditions following removal from the submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, and close-up of three of the buttons following mechanical cleaning, with reverse side of one button showing inscription on back and broken eyelet.
Assortment of non-military four-holed buttons made of glass, possibly ceramic. Images show twenty-five buttons in varying conditions as well as designs showing forward face, seven buttons in varying conditions as well as designs showing forward face, and same seven buttons showing reverse side.
Union navy uniform buttons, composed probably of brass or copper alloy, with raised upright foul anchor design on horizontal line background and rope border on forward face and backmark inscription that reads "Superfine Standard," with copper alloy attachment clip on back. Images show five buttons in similar condition following removal from the submarine interior sediment, three buttons showing forward face and one button missing backing showing interior following soaking and cleaning, and one button showing forward face and one button with missing backing showing interior following soaking and cleaning.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cast iron cover from the starboard deadlight with rubber seal on the inside, removed from hinge on interior of the hull plate. Images show x-ray photograph of deadlight cover, deconcreted cover with rubber seal in place, and cover with rubber seal removed after conservation treatment with subcritical fluid technology.
Cast iron hatch cover from aft conning tower with a small viewport, bleeding valve and part of the locking mechanism. Images show the concreted hatch cover as excavated and still attached to conning tower, hatch cover during removal via crane, conning tower following hatch cover removal, and partially deconcreted hatch cover with rubber seal still attached.
Gold watch with attached chain and fob, found in mint condition. Images show watch in its initial location within the submarine interior during excavation, the watch with glass cover and sediment concretion on the glass, the inside watch face without the glass cover and the sediment contained within the watch, gears removed from the watch casing with evidence of corrosion, x-ray photograph of the gear mechanism, opposite side of the watch mechanism following conservation treatment, cleaned and treated watch with chain and fob, and close-up of the watch face and clamshell closure with glass and gold cover.
Chair made by slaves from Ridgley Plantation near Florence, South Carolina. The chair is made with mortise and tenon joints reinforced with square nails. The seat is of animal skin. Evidence that the legs of the chair have been shortened indicates that it was a slave's chair. Slaves were not permitted to sit higher than the master or his children.
Silver suspenders/braces clasp belonging to Lieutenant George E. Dixon, discovered with the straps’ rubber elastic fragments attached. Images show the clasp following removal from the submarine interior with rubber fragments still attached, close-up of reverse side of clasp with concretion partially removed by mechanical cleaning, close-up of engraved initials reading "G.E.D." on front face of clasp following mechanical cleaning, and full view of front face of the clasp following mechanical cleaning.
Clay smoking pipe bowl and stem, discovered in 2 pieces. Images show pipe in its original location within the submarine interior, stem and bowl pieces of the pipe following initial cleaning, and reconstructed pipe following conservation treatment.
Twenty-dollar federal gold coin belonging to Lieutenant George E. Dixon, its shape warped into a shallow "U" shape by a high-velocity projectile (bullet). First image shows one face of the coin, which retains the face of lady liberty with the date 1860. The other two images show the opposite face of the coin, which exhibits the federal eagle and shield, as well as the words "United States of America" and "Twenty D." The coin has been intentionally filed flat for roughly half of its circumference and is inscribed with the following: "Shiloh...April6, 1862...My life Preserver...G.E.D."
Brown comb with very fine teeth on either side, made probably of horn, and used most likely as a moustache or lice comb. Images show the comb as it was discovered in the submarine interior and following cleaning, soaking, and drying process.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jewish refugees from Morocco during the Spanish-Moroccan War. Original engraving by Charles Maurand after an illustration by Charles Yriarte. Published in the January 28, 1860, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white wood engraving depicting Moses receiving the Ten Commandments. Wood engraving by Richard Julius Jungtow after Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. From Die Bibel in Bildern : 240 Darstellungen, erfunden und auf Holz gezeichnet von Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, published Leipzig: Wigand.
Large plank of wood, possibly pine, with an associated detached smaller plank, found in the submarine bow interior. Possibly cut from the same wood as the crew bench, the two pieces were nailed together at some point to construct and hold in place against an iron pipe the main seat for Lieutenant George E. Dixon. Images show wood bench in its initial location within the submarine interior, wood bench with detached support prior to deconcretion and cleaning, and deconcreted and reconstructed wood pieces following conservation treatment with polyethylene glycol.
Black-and-white line engraving of a Jewish man and woman from Tangier. Engraving by William Finden after Pharamond Blanchard. From Voyage pittoresque en Espagne, en Portugal et sur la côte d'Afrique de Tanger a Tétouan by Isidore Justin Séverin Taylor, published Paris: A. F. Lemaitre.
Metal file composed of wrought iron, initially found resting on top of a ballast block on the interior floor of the submarine. Images show the initial site of the iron file during excavation and the file after deconcretion and conservation treatment with subcritical fluid technology.
Wooden shelf from forward bulkhead in the submarine interior, found laying horizontal to the original upright orientation of the submarine. Possibly made of pine, approximately 1 inch thick, with cut-outs to fit in the bulkhead of the submarine. Images show wooden shelf within the submarine interior during excavation and wooden shelf after removal, conservation treatment with polyethylene glycol, and freeze drying. Note the rust stains on both ends where bolts had been used to secure the shelf.
[Color image.] Caption at top: 'The harbor of Charleston, S.C.--From sketches by our special artist.--Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island.' Caption at middle: 'Fort Pinckney, Charleston, S.C.' Caption at bottom: 'Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.' [full date Dec. 1, 1860.]
![[Moses empfängt die Gesetzestafeln]](https://rspace.library.cofc.edu/iiif/image/40696/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
