Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting reading from a Torah scroll, above, and a Jewish circumcision, below. The Hebrew text on the Torah scroll reads : "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). Frontispiece from Johannis BuxtorfI patris, Synagoga Judaica : de judaeorum fide, ritibus, ceremoniis, tam publicis & sacris, quàm privatis, in domestica vivendi ratione by Johannes Buxtorf, published Basileae: Sumptibus authoris, apud Johan. Jacobum Deckerum.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. Engraving by Gérard Jean-Baptiste Scotin after Hubert-François Gravelot. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish circumcision. Etching by Jan Luyken. From Kerk-zeeden ende gewoonten die huiden in gebruik zijn onder de jooden by Leon Modena, published Amsterdam: Timotheus ten Hoorn.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a masked ball on the occasion of Purim. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the priestly blessing. From A sketch of the history of Judaism and Christianity in the light of modern research and criticism by George Thomas Bettany.