Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard complains about Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane not informing him earlier of Mr. Gerard's journey to America. Izard also states that he will leave soon for Italy, but he has delayed his travels since the death of the elector of Bavaria has impacted the state of European politics.
A two-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Abbé Niccoli. Izard expresses his disappointment at the unwillingness of Tuscany to help the United States establish its independence, noting the excellent financial position of Tuscany.
Letter to Jane L. Raisin from her husband, Jacob S. Raisin, regarding his travels abroad. The letter addresses reading letters from the family, the end of his Mediterranean trip, his upcoming boat trip back to America, and some of his time in France.
An eleven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard discusses the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and his opposition to some of its articles, as well as his subsequent quarrels with Benjamin Franklin and the French commissioners.
A handwritten, four-page letter from Marie Larmande to Susan Alston in which she informs Alston about the social season in Paris, including events hosted by Spanish and American people, and various details of her personal life.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the first panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
A two-page letter from John Adams to Benjamin Franklin. Adams responds to the assertion of an unnamed "respectable person in America," who argued that Franklin did not oppose France's attempts to limit American fishing rights and it was only due to Adams that those rights were secured in the treaty.
Copy of a seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard discusses a number of matters in the letter, including the obstacles preventing him from obtaining a loan from Genoa, his desire to go to Holland to obtain money there, and his inability to live on the payment given to him by the French commissioners. Izard also writes about some of his other quibbles with Benjamin Franklin.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard informs Laurens that the Treaty of Amity and Commerce has been signed, despite his protest to an article regarding molasses. Izard also discusses other matters, including his delayed learning of General Burgoyne's surrender and Benjamin Franklin's apology to Izard.
Copy of a 10-page letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin in which Izard confronts Franklin about his conduct and lack of communication regarding the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
A four-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard discusses the bad conduct of Thomas Morris and its effect on the diplomatic work in France. Izard also discusses other matters, including the late sailing of the ship that was supposed to deliver cloth for his enslaved servants in South Carolina.
A four-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard explains that he had to stay in England to receive money from his uncle's estate and argues that he never neglected the "public call." Izard also discusses other matters, such as his appointment as a diplomat in Europe.
Copy of a five-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard states that he is glad that Congress made some changes to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce but wishes that Laurens would write back to let him know if Congress approved of his actions. Izard also discusses other matters, including the start of the war in Germany and his happiness at learning of John Laurens's promotion.
Copy of a seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard recounts his opposition to multiple articles in the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and accuses Benjamin Franklin of "tricks and chicanery." Izard also discusses some other matters, including European affairs concerning the succession of Bavaria.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams in which Izard inquires whether or not he should apply for a loan from the court of Genoa and if the court of France has taken its promised steps to secure trade for American merchants.
Copy of a three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Congressional Committee of Foreign Affairs in which Izard gives an account of European politics and states that he is unable to travel to Florence in an official manner.
Copy of a letter from Arthur Lee to Ralph Izard. Lee agrees with Izard's concerns about the fifth article of the Treaty of Alliance, stating that he also wanted the article to be more specific but was ultimately overruled by his colleagues.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Arthur Lee in which Izard raises his concerns regarding the exclusion of the two Floridas from the fifth article in the Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard introduces Mr. Livingston, who Izards believe is "uniform in his conduct & friendly to the cause of his country."
Copy of a letter from Benjamin Franklin to Ralph Izard. Franklin states that he will give his full answer to Izard in person, but that he has already considered the reasoning that Izard offered in a previous letter. Franklin also gives Izard advice.
Copy of a two-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Count de Vergennes. Izard explains that he has been tasked with procuring a loan from Italy and has hope of securing one from Genoa. Izard requests the assistance of Vergennes and emphasizes the importance of the loan to the United States.
Document that copies seven letters sent between Ralph Izard and Benjamin Franklin. The letters concern issuing a passport for a gentleman from Charles Town that wishes to travel to Italy, as well as Izard's dissatisfaction with Franklin's behavior and the terms Franklin negotiated for the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin. Izard defends his decision to send his previous letter and urges Franklin to recollect the "extraordinary inattention" that he's paid to Izard in the past six months. Izard also states that he has a high opinion of Franklin but considers it his duty to speak out about the proposed molasses article.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin. Izard voices his opposition to a proposed article for the Treaty of Commerce that would exempt the French West Indies from all duties on American exports in exchange for duty-free molasses. Izard argues that this would "sacrifice the general interests of America, to those Provinces which import [Molasses]."
A seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard discusses his attempts to discover the authors of two papers that came to him. He speculates that the first letter was written by Dr. Bancroft and believes that Mr. Deane was behind the "infamous misrepresentations" contained in the second paper.
A three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the South Carolina delegates in Congress. Izard discusses multiple matters, including his endorsement of Mr. Ford (the bearer of the letter), intelligence indicating that seven or eight thousand enemy troops may be sent from Europe, and his anxiety to know more about the campaigns in Carolina and Georgia.
A three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the South Carolina delegates in Congress in which Izard recounts Dr. Franklin and Mr. Grand's denial of his request for a sum of money. Izard advocates for Franklin's removal from France, stating that if he is not removed, "the affairs of America in Europe will grow from bad to worse..."
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the war memorial to the memory of soldiers, resistance fighters, and those who died in the concentration camps during World War II. The memorial is located inside of the Grand Synagogue of Paris.
This 1947 photograph of Francine was taken in Paris, France. She was asked to sit for a photographer she met at a wedding, and she received this photograph in return.
This 1948 photograph shows Francine, Germaine, and Suzanne Ajzensztark in their Paris flat at 17 Boulevard de la Villette. The family had to sue to get their flat back from a woman that occupied it during the war and didn't want to return it to the Ajzensztarks after the war.
A receipt showing the cost of chinaware shipped from Paris to Charleston for Charles Alston. The cost in francs is converted to dollars for a total of $433.07.
Black-and-white offset print reproductions of the exterior and interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris. Published in the September 12, 1874, edition of L'Univers illustré.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the fourth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the sixth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the second panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the fifth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during the marriage of Gustave de Rothschild to Cécile Anspach. Published in the February 19, 1859, edition of Le Monde illustré.
