This 1948 photograph shows Francine, Germaine, and Suzanne Ajzensztark in their Paris flat at 17 Boulevard de la Villette. The family had to sue to get their flat back from a woman that occupied it during the war and didn't want to return it to the Ajzensztarks after the war.
This 1947 photograph of Francine was taken in Paris, France. She was asked to sit for a photographer she met at a wedding, and she received this photograph in return.
Black-and-white portrait photograph of Gertrude Legendre signed: “4 R. Pt. des Champs-Elysees, Portraits G. L. Manuel freres.” Handwritten caption: “G. S. Legendre, Paris - '36.”
Letter to Jane L. Raisin from her husband, Jacob S. Raisin, regarding his travels abroad. The letter addresses reading letters from the family, the end of his Mediterranean trip, his upcoming boat trip back to America, and some of his time in France.
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the war memorial to the memory of soldiers, resistance fighters, and those who died in the concentration camps during World War II. The memorial is located inside of the Grand Synagogue of Paris.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the exterior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. From Paris à travers les siècles : Histoire nationale de Paris et des Parisiens depuis la fondation de Lutèce jusq'à nos jours, Volume 5, by Henri Gourdon de Genouillac.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the marriage ceremony of Albert Salomon von Rothschild and Bettina Caroline de Rothschild in the Grand Synagogue of Paris. From a drawing by Henri Meyer. Published in the April 2, 1876, edition of Le Journal illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris, on the occasion of its inauguration. Published in the September 19, 1874, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the exterior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris. From a drawing by Auguste Deroy. Published in the October 31, 1874, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris on Yom Kippur. From a drawing by Auguste Deroy. Published in the October 31, 1874, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris during the synagogue's inauguration. Published in the September 19, 1874, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproductions of the exterior and interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris. Published in the September 12, 1874, edition of L'Univers illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Yom Kippur in a synagogue in Paris. After a drawing by Auguste André Lançon. Published in the October 26, 172, edition of Le Monde illustré. Associated article published in the November2, 1872, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during the funeral service of Commandant Léon Franchetti, killed in the battle of Champigny. Published in the December 16, 1871 edition of L'Univers illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Portuguese synagogue in rue Lamartine. After a painting by Jacob-Emile-Edouard Brandon. From the May 29, 1869, edition of L'Univers illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during the installation of Lazare Isidor as Chief Rabbi.
A handwritten, four-page letter from Marie Larmande to Susan Alston in which she informs Alston about the social season in Paris, including events hosted by Spanish and American people, and various details of her personal life.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during the marriage of Gustave de Rothschild to Cécile Anspach. Published in the February 19, 1859, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the 1822 building of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during Rosh Hashanah. Published in Tableau de Paris : ouvrage illustré de quinze gents gravures by Edmond Texier.
Black-and-white offset print reproductions of the exterior and interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. Published in Tableau de Paris : ouvrage illustré de quinze gents gravures by Edmond Texier.
Black-and-white lithograph of the interior of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris during Yom Kippur. Lithograph by Hermann Raunheim. Printed as the frontispiece to Vol. 2 Prières de la veille du Kippour of Erech hatephiloth ou Prières de toutes les grandes fêtes à l'usage des Israélites du rite allemand by Elcan Durlacher.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the 1822 building of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. Reproduction of a lithograph by Jules-Robert-Pierre-Joseph Challamel after an original drawing by the Marquis de Villeneuve. Published in the December 5, 1846, edition of L'Illustration.
Hand-colored lithograph of the interior of the 1822 building of Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. Lithograph by Jules-Robert-Pierre-Joseph Challamel after an original drawing by the Marquis de Villeneuve. Published in L'Artiste.
Contract for the purchase of a seat in the women's gallery of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. Seat paid for by Anselme Halphen.
A receipt showing the cost of chinaware shipped from Paris to Charleston for Charles Alston. The cost in francs is converted to dollars for a total of $433.07.
A two-page letter from John Adams to Benjamin Franklin. Adams responds to the assertion of an unnamed "respectable person in America," who argued that Franklin did not oppose France's attempts to limit American fishing rights and it was only due to Adams that those rights were secured in the treaty.
A three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the South Carolina delegates in Congress in which Izard recounts Dr. Franklin and Mr. Grand's denial of his request for a sum of money. Izard advocates for Franklin's removal from France, stating that if he is not removed, "the affairs of America in Europe will grow from bad to worse..."
A seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard discusses his attempts to discover the authors of two papers that came to him. He speculates that the first letter was written by Dr. Bancroft and believes that Mr. Deane was behind the "infamous misrepresentations" contained in the second paper.
A three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the South Carolina delegates in Congress. Izard discusses multiple matters, including his endorsement of Mr. Ford (the bearer of the letter), intelligence indicating that seven or eight thousand enemy troops may be sent from Europe, and his anxiety to know more about the campaigns in Carolina and Georgia.
Copy of a seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard discusses a number of matters in the letter, including the obstacles preventing him from obtaining a loan from Genoa, his desire to go to Holland to obtain money there, and his inability to live on the payment given to him by the French commissioners. Izard also writes about some of his other quibbles with Benjamin Franklin.
Copy of a two-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Count de Vergennes. Izard explains that he has been tasked with procuring a loan from Italy and has hope of securing one from Genoa. Izard requests the assistance of Vergennes and emphasizes the importance of the loan to the United States.
Copy of a five-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard states that he is glad that Congress made some changes to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce but wishes that Laurens would write back to let him know if Congress approved of his actions. Izard also discusses other matters, including the start of the war in Germany and his happiness at learning of John Laurens's promotion.
Copy of a seven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard recounts his opposition to multiple articles in the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and accuses Benjamin Franklin of "tricks and chicanery." Izard also discusses some other matters, including European affairs concerning the succession of Bavaria.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee, and John Adams in which Izard inquires whether or not he should apply for a loan from the court of Genoa and if the court of France has taken its promised steps to secure trade for American merchants.
An eleven-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard discusses the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and his opposition to some of its articles, as well as his subsequent quarrels with Benjamin Franklin and the French commissioners.
Copy of a three-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Congressional Committee of Foreign Affairs in which Izard gives an account of European politics and states that he is unable to travel to Florence in an official manner.
Copy of a 10-page letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin in which Izard confronts Franklin about his conduct and lack of communication regarding the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
A two-page letter from Ralph Izard to the Abbé Niccoli. Izard expresses his disappointment at the unwillingness of Tuscany to help the United States establish its independence, noting the excellent financial position of Tuscany.
Document that copies seven letters sent between Ralph Izard and Benjamin Franklin. The letters concern issuing a passport for a gentleman from Charles Town that wishes to travel to Italy, as well as Izard's dissatisfaction with Franklin's behavior and the terms Franklin negotiated for the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard informs Laurens that the Treaty of Amity and Commerce has been signed, despite his protest to an article regarding molasses. Izard also discusses other matters, including his delayed learning of General Burgoyne's surrender and Benjamin Franklin's apology to Izard.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard complains about Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane not informing him earlier of Mr. Gerard's journey to America. Izard also states that he will leave soon for Italy, but he has delayed his travels since the death of the elector of Bavaria has impacted the state of European politics.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin. Izard defends his decision to send his previous letter and urges Franklin to recollect the "extraordinary inattention" that he's paid to Izard in the past six months. Izard also states that he has a high opinion of Franklin but considers it his duty to speak out about the proposed molasses article.
Copy of a letter from Ralph Izard to Benjamin Franklin. Izard voices his opposition to a proposed article for the Treaty of Commerce that would exempt the French West Indies from all duties on American exports in exchange for duty-free molasses. Izard argues that this would "sacrifice the general interests of America, to those Provinces which import [Molasses]."
Copy of a letter from Arthur Lee to Ralph Izard. Lee agrees with Izard's concerns about the fifth article of the Treaty of Alliance, stating that he also wanted the article to be more specific but was ultimately overruled by his colleagues.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Arthur Lee in which Izard raises his concerns regarding the exclusion of the two Floridas from the fifth article in the Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France.
Letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard introduces Mr. Livingston, who Izards believe is "uniform in his conduct & friendly to the cause of his country."
Copy of a letter from Benjamin Franklin to Ralph Izard. Franklin states that he will give his full answer to Izard in person, but that he has already considered the reasoning that Izard offered in a previous letter. Franklin also gives Izard advice.
A four-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens. Izard discusses the bad conduct of Thomas Morris and its effect on the diplomatic work in France. Izard also discusses other matters, including the late sailing of the ship that was supposed to deliver cloth for his enslaved servants in South Carolina.
A four-page letter from Ralph Izard to Henry Laurens in which Izard explains that he had to stay in England to receive money from his uncle's estate and argues that he never neglected the "public call." Izard also discusses other matters, such as his appointment as a diplomat in Europe.
Caricature by Gustave Frison depicting a Jewish stockbroker haggling over the terms of a trade outside the Paris Stock Exchange. He is portrayed as speaking French with a Yiddish accent.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the second panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the fifth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the seventh panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the eighth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the sixth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the May 28, 1937, inauguration of the Exposition internationale, held in Paris. From left to right: Louis Asscher, president of the committee for the Pavillon d'Israel en Palestine, and French govenrment ministers Justin Godart and Paul Bastid.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the first panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Black-and-white lithograph of the interior of the 1822 building of the Synagogue de Nazareth, located on the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, in Paris. Lithograph by Jules-Robert-Pierre-Joseph Challamel after an original drawing by the Marquis de Villeneuve. Published in L'Artiste.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the third panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Postcard with a black-and-white reproduction of the fourth panel of a tapestry at L'église Saint-Jean-Saint-François depicting the miracle of the Rue de Billetts, in which a Jew living in Paris was accused of stabbing a communion wafer, causing blood to flow from it.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the exterior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris. From La France juive. Essai d'histoire contemporaine. Edition illustrée de scène, vues, portraits, cartes et plans... by Édouard Drumont.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the Grand Synagogue of Paris. From La France juive. Essai d'histoire contemporaine. Edition illustrée de scène, vues, portraits, cartes et plans... by Édouard Drumont.
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the exterior of the Mémorial du martyr juif inconnu (now the Mémorial de la Shoah), a Holocaust museum located in Paris.
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