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Start Over Subject (Geographic) Amsterdam (Netherlands)

5. Nathans and Blauuw families, 1964

Date:
1964
Description:
This 1964 photograph was taken at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and shows Vera with members of her family along with one of the nurses, Corrie Blauuw, who hid her during the war and her family. Also seen in the photograph is Nico Visjager, who was hidden with Vera during the war. Corrie protected the two children by claiming that they were her twins. Pictured, from left: Ans Nathans, Vera's mother; Vera Nathans; Corrie Blauuw; Corrie's unnamed sister; Corrie's unnamed niece; Nico Visjager, Vera's “twin” while in hiding; Mieke Nathans, Vera's sister; Hemmy Nathans, Vera's father.

6. Nico and Ellen Visjager, circa 1968

Date:
1960-1969
Description:
This circa 1968 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Nico Visjager, who was hidden with Vera during the war, and his wife, Ellen.

8. Dientje Krant, 1942

Date:
1942
Description:
This 1942 photograph shows Dientje Krant with a stuffed dog at Edith Koster's house in Amsterdam, just before she went into hiding.

9. Anna Philine Nathans-Paerl false identification, 1941

Date:
1941
Description:
This 1941 false identification was used by Anna Philine Nathans-Paerl, mother of Vera Nathans. Anna used this identification during the war until it was discovered that she was Jewish and then she was sent to Bergen-Belsen.

10. Dientje Krant and Edith Koster, 1941

Date:
1941
Description:
This 1941 photograph was taken in Amstersam at the home of Edith Koster, Dientje's closest friend. It shows Dientje (left) and Edith (right), who died during the war.

13. Berend Lion Paerl, circa 1938

Date:
1930-1939
Description:
This circa 1938 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Vera's maternal grandfather, Berend Lion Paerl.

14. Mietje Paerl, circa 1938

Date:
1930-1939
Description:
This circa 1938 photograph was taken in Amsterdam and shows Vera's maternal grandmother, Mietje Paerl (née Hymans).

15. Het Jonas Daniël Meyerplein te Amsterdam

Date:
1925
Description:
Black-and-white print of the exterior of the New Synagogue in Amsterdam. From an original illustration by Johannes Antonius (Anton) Jakma. Published in the Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid von het 40-jarig bestaan van het Centraal Blad voor Israelieten in Nederland, which celebrated the 40th anniversary of the weekly newspaper Centraal blad voor Israëlieten in Nederland.

17. Mr. Cocadorus, Markthumorist. Amsterdam.

Date:
1910
Description:
Black-and-white photographic portrait of market vendor Meier Linnewiel (1876-1934), known as Kokadorus, at the market on the Amstelveld.

19. [Jonas Daniël Meijerplein]

Date:
1907
Description:
Print reproduction of a pen and ink drawing of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Original drawing by Ludwig Willem Reymer Wenckebach. From Oud-Amsterdam : 100 stadsgezichten.

21. Kokadorus oop het Amstelveld

Date:
1904
Description:
Black-and-white photographic portrait of market vendor Meier Linnewiel (1876-1934), known as Kokadorus, at the market on the Amstelveld.

23. La Synagogue d'Amsterdam, tableau de M. Brandon

Date:
1887
Description:
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Talmudist David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo giving a sermon in the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam on July 22, 1866. After an oil painting by Jacob-Emile-Edouard Brandon. Published in the May 18, 1887, edition of L'Illustration.

24. עבודת הקדש

Date:
1882
Description:
Card of the burial society Gemilut Hasadim in Amsterdam, with an engraving of men carrying a coffin.

26. Jaapje Block

Date:
1870 and 1869
Description:
Hand-colored wood engraving of a hunchbacked Jewish man, Jaapje Blok, who hires himself out as a lectern at the Amsterdam Stock Exchange. Wood engraving by Henricus Adrianus (Henri) Bogaerts. Published in De katholieke illustratie : zondags-lektuur voor het katholieke Nederlandsche volk.

27. Op de Beurs

Date:
1870
Description:
Black-and-white illustration of two men outside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, with the text of their humorous conversation printed beneath. One man is updating the other man on his life since they last saw each other. He has married a coquettish woman, who brought a lot of money to the marriage. The person to whom he entrusted the funds ran off with the money--which is for the best, because his wife ran off with the man. Published in Asmodée: geillustreerde almanak.

28. Le Serment du Daian Cardoze, synagogue d'Amsterdam, le 22 juillet 1866

Date:
1867
Description:
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Talmudist David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo giving a sermon in the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam on July 22, 1866. After an oil painting by Jacob-Emile-Edouard Brandon. Published in the August 3, 1867, edition of Le Monde illustré.

29. Le Sermon de Daïan Cardozo, Sinagogue d'Amsterdam

Date:
1867
Description:
Black-and-white etching of Talmudist David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo giving a sermon in the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam on July 22, 1866. Etching after an oil painting by Jacob-Emile-Edouard Brandon. Printed Paris: Imp. A. Salmon. Published in the July 1867 edition of the Gazette des Beaux-Arts.

31. Deventer Houtmarkt. - Muidergracht.

Date:
1861
Description:
Black-and-white lithograph of the exteriors of the Portuguese Synagogue, New Synagogue, and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Lithograph by P. Blommers after a drawing by Willem Hekking, Jr. From Amsterdam in schetsen by Pieter Harmen Witkamp, published Amsterdam: G. W. Tielkemeijer.

32. Deventer Houtmarkt. - Muidergracht.

Date:
1861
Description:
Hand-colored lithograph of the exteriors of the Portuguese Synagogue, New Synagogue, and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Lithograph by P. Blommers after a drawing by Willem Hekking, Jr. From Amsterdam in schetsen by Pieter Harmen Witkamp, published Amsterdam: G. W. Tielkemeijer.

33. Lion Barend Paerl birth certificate, 1859

Date:
1859
Description:
This is the 1859 birth certificate for Lion Barend Paerl, son of Barend Lion Paerl and Sophia Jacobs, and maternal great-grandfather of Vera Nathans.

34. The Jewish Feast of Purim or Lots in 1712

Date:
1858,1858,1860
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, during the celebration of Purim. Engraving by William Forrest after an engraving by Bernard Picart. From The faiths of the world : an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs by James Gardner. Published London & Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.

37. Synagoge der Hoog-en Nederduitsche Joden

Date:
1844
Description:
Hand-colored lithograph of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Geschiedkundige beschrijving der stad Amsterdam, Volume 1, by Cornelis van der Vijver.

40. Lion Barend Paerl synagogue certificate, 1833

Date:
1833
Description:
This 1833 certificate designates Lion Barend Paerl, maternal great-great-great-grandfather of Vera Nathans, as the president of the Nederlandsche Israelitische Hoofd-Synagoge te Amsterdam.

42. De Hoogduitsche Jooden Kerk / La Sijnagogue allemande

Date:
1825
Description:
Hand-colored etching of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Willem Hendrik Hoogamer after a drawing by Cornelis de Kruyff. From Vues choisies d'Amsterdam et ses environs dessinées d'après nature par C. de Kuyf et autres artistes, published Amsterdam: chez Franois Buffa & Fils.

43. De Portugeesche Jooden Kerk / La Sijnagogue Portugaise

Date:
1825
Description:
Hand-colored etching of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Willem Hendrik Hoogamer after a drawing by Cornelis de Kruyff. From Vues choisies d'Amsterdam et ses environs dessinées d'après nature par C. de Kuyf et autres artistes, published Amsterdam: chez Franois Buffa & Fils.

44. Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands

Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

45. Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An

Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

46. Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps

Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish burial. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

47. Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil

Date:
1819
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish funeral. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.

48. Religious Penance observ'd by the ancient Jews

Date:
1811
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new univeral history of the religious rites, ceremonies and customs of the whole world by William Hurd, published Manchester: J. Gleave.

49. La Façade de la Sinagogue Allemande

Date:
1802
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Le guide d'Amsterdam, ou description de ce qu'il y a de plus intéressant.

50. La Sinagogue Portugaise

Date:
1802
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Le guide d'Amsterdam, ou description de ce qu'il y a de plus intéressant.

56. Het bad der Hoogduitsche Jooden, te Amsterdam

Date:
1783
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the mikveh of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten by William Hurd, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

57. Gezicht der Portugeesche en Hoogduitsche Jooden-Synagogen, nevens het Feest der Loofhutten te Amsterdam

Date:
1782
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the Portuguese Synagogue, New Synagogue, and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam during the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot). Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

58. Jewish Ceremony of Sounding the Horn on New Year's Day

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

59. Celebration of the Day of Forgiveness, by the Jews in Germany

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

60. Religious Penance observ'd by the antient Jews

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

61. The Search for the Leavened Bread, &c. a domestic Ceremony in the Jewish Religion

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

62. Gemaskerd bal, by gelegenheid van het Joodsche Purim-Feest

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a masked ball on the occasion of Purim. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

63. The Passover Celebrated by the Portuguese Jews

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

64. Huwelyks-plegtigheid van de Portugeesche Jooden

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Jacobus Buys. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.

65. The Nuptial Ceremony of the Portuguese Jews

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

66. Celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles, a great Festival among the Jews

Date:
1780
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the interior of a sukkah during the celebration of Sukkot. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.

67. La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né

Date:
1741
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde / representées en 243 figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard, avec des explications historiques & curieuses par M. l’abbé Banier & par M. l’abbé Mascrier, Volume 1, published Paris: Rollin fils, 1741.

68. La Péntitence des Juifs Allemans dans leur Synagogue

Date:
1737
Description:
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving by Pieter Tanjé after Louis Fabricius Dubourg. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 5, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

69. Portugeesche Jooden Synagoge

Date:
1726
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Wegwyzer door Amsterdam, published Amsterdam: Nicolaas ten Hoorn.

70. Le Son du Cor au Premier Jour de l'An / Le Chipur, ou le Jour du Pardon tel qu'il se celêbre chez les Juifs Allemands

Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

71. L'Examen du Levain &c. / Le Repas de Paques chez les Juifs Portugais

Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

72. Simcha Tora ou Ioye pour la Loy / Manière de conduire les Époux de la Loy, chez eux

Date:
1725
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

73. Procession des Palmes chez les Juifs Portugais / Repas des Juifs pendant la Fête des Tentes

Date:
1724
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

74. Les Acafoth ou les sept tours, autour du Cercueil / Les Assistans jettent de la terre sur le Corps

Date:
1723
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

75. La Circoncision des Juifs Portugais / Le Rachat du Premier Né

Date:
1722
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

76. Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Portugais / Cérémonie Nuptiale des Juifs Allemands

Date:
1722
Description:
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.

77. The Jewish Feast of Purim or Lots in 1712

Date:
1712
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the celebration of Purim at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam in 1712. Engraving by William Forrest after an engraving by Bernard Picart. From The faiths of the world; an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, published Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.

78. Der Joden Biddekleed, en Gedenk-Ceedels aan Hoofd en Hand

Date:
1700
Description:
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish man wearing a tallis (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries). He stands in front of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Text excerpted from Deuteronomy 6:8-9: "And thou shalt bind them for a sign upon thy hand, and they shall be for frontlets between thine eyes. And thou shalt write them upon the door-posts of thy house, and upon thy gates." Etching by Jan Luyken. From Mosaize historie der Hebreeuwse kerke, Volume 3, by Willem Goeree, published Amsterdam: Willem and David Goeree.

79. De Portugeese Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

80. De Portugeese Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

81. De Portugeese Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Hand-colored engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

82. De Hoogduytse Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Hand-colored engraving of the exterior of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

83. De Hoogduytse Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

84. De Hoogduytse Ioode Synagoge

Date:
1693
Description:
Hand-colored engraving of the exterior of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, desselfs eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyse der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Casparus Commelin.

85. Portugeese Joode Kerck

Date:
1675
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Justus Danckerts.

86. Hooghduytse Joode Kerck

Date:
1675
Description:
Black-and-white engraving of the exterior of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Justus Danckerts.

87. Der Jooden Tempel of Sinagoge / Temple, ou Synagogue des Juifs

Date:
1665
Description:
Black-and white engraving of the interior of the first synagogue building of Congregation Talmud Torah, which was established in 1639 upon the unification of three smaller Portuguese congregations, Beth Jacob, Neve Shalom and Beth Israel. Engraving by Jan Veenhuysen. From Beschryvinge van Amsterdam, Haar eerste oorspronk uyt den Huyze der Heeren van Aemstel en Aemstellant by Tobias van Domselaer.

88. Amsterdam. Joden Breestraat.

Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the Jodenbreestraat, a street in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam.

93. Amsterdam, Muiderstraat

Description:
Black-and-white photographic postcard of the exterior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam.

94. Verzetsmounument De Dokwerker

Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the statue De Dokwerker in Amsterdam, which commemorates the February Strike of 1941. The general strike was organized against anti-Jewish measures implemented by the Nazis in the Netherlands.

95. Anne Frank Huis

Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the exterior of the Anne Frank House.

99. Anne Frank Huis

Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the exterior of the Anne Frank House.

100. [Hollandsche Schouwburg, monument]

Description:
Postcard with a black-and-white photograph of the monument at the Hollandse Schouwburg. The building served as a theater from 1892 to 1943 and as a deportation center for Jews during the Holocaust. It is currently a Jewish museum and memorial.