Black-and-white etching of a Jewish woman from Poland in 1766. Etching by Jean-Baptiste Le Prince. From A collection of the dresses of different nations, antient and modern, published London: Thomas Jefferys, 1757-1772.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction with a portrait of actress Rachel Félix, known as Mademoiselle Rachel, as well as a compilation of scenes from her performances in Andromaque, Horace, and Adrienne Lecouvreur. The print accompanies an obituary published after her death on January 3, 1858. Published in the January 16, 1858, edition of L'Illustration, journal universel.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of actress Rachel Félix, known as Mademoiselle Rachel, in costume as the title character in Jean Racine's tragedy Phèdre. Published in the September 22, 1855, edition of Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion.
Black-and-white lithographed portrait of cantor and composer Salomon Sulzer. Drawn and lithographed by David Moses (1879-1902), called Mosé. Printed by Joh. Haupt, Vienna.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction with a portrait of author Israel Zangwill. From a painted portrait by Solomon J. Solomon. Published in the January 19, 1895, edition of The Graphic.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jewish merchants from Poland. From a drawing by Eugène Joseph Viollat. From Ridpath's universal history, Volume 5, by John Clark Ridpath.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jews from Russia at a peasant market. Illustration by Frederic Remington. From the article "The Russian and his Jew" by Poultney Bigelow, published in the March 1894 edition of Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jews from Poland. From a drawing by Francis David Millet. From the article "Through the Caucasus" by Ralph Meeker, published in the April 1887 edition of Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the New Synagogue in Berlin. Published in the September 22, 1866, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the New Synagogue in Berlin. From an original drawing by Gottlob Theuerkauf. Published in the January 5, 1867, issue of the Illustrirte Zeitung.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the interior of the old Main Synagogue in Munich. From a photograph. Published in the October 8, 1887, edition of the Illustrirte Zeitung.
Sheet of black-and-white engravings used as an advertisement for Neu-eröffnete Welt-Galleria by Abraham a Sancta Clara, published Nuremberg: Christoph Weigel, 1703. The center and right plates on the bottom row depict Jews from Frankfurt and Poland.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction with a portrait of cantor and composer Salomon Sulzer. Published in the March 15, 1884, edition of the Illustrirte Zeitung.
Black-and-white etched portrait of artist Jozef Israëls. Etching by Charles L. Courtry after a drawing by Israëls. Published London July 18, 1883, by The British & Foreign Artists' Association.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction with a portrait of jurist Sir George Jessel. Published in the March 31, 1883, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white lithographed portrait of Rabbi Samuel Holdheim, rabbi in Frankfurt an der Oder. Lithograph by Dümmler after a drawing by Wollenberg. Published by Gebrüder Rocca in Berlin and Göttingen.
Black-and-white stipple-engraved portrait of financier Nathan Mayer Rothschild. Engraving after a drawing by Charles Penny. London, published February 13, 1827, by Smith, Elder & Co.
Hand-colored etching of the exteriors of the New Synagogue and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Willem Hendrik Hoogamer after a drawing by Cornelis de Kruyff. From Vues choisies d'Amsterdam et ses environs dessinées d'après nature par C. de Kuyf et autres artistes, published Amsterdam: chez Franois Buffa & Fils.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of individuals at the Leipzig Trade Fair, including a Jew from Poland. From the article "Leipsic and its Fair" by Thomas Emmette, published in Scribner's Monthly, Volume 2, Issue 2 (June 1871).
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Tisha B'Av in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Shavuot in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white engraving depicting consuming the Passover lamb, as described in Exodus 12. Engraving by Johnn Gottfried Krügner. From Biblia das ist: Die gantze Heilige Schrifft Altes und Neues Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Leipzig: Verlag Johann Ludwig Gleditsch.
Black-and-white wood engraving depicting the tomb of Rabbi Simeon bar Yochai in Meron, site of celebrations for Lag BaOmer. Engraving after a drawing by Henry Fenn. From Picturesque Palestine, Sinai, and Egypt, Volume 1, edited by Charles William Wilson, published New York : D. Appleton and Co., 1881-1884.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Rosh Hashanah in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white woodcut depicting the prestly blessing on Yom Kippur. From Libellus de Judaica confessione by Johannes Pfefferkorn, published Cologne: Johannes Landen.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the tallit (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries) used during prayer. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving entitled depicting "express travel" to the Sabbath. One man whips a horse, urging it to go faster, while another holds up a timepiece.
Black-and-white etching of the interior of the exterior of the former location of Temple Emanu-El at 5th Avenue and 43rd Street in New York. Etching signed by the artist Curt Szekessy.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the religious of the world. Judaism is depicted by Moses and the Ten Commandments. Engraving by Robert Pollard. Frontispiece to A new and universal history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations of the world by William Hurd, published London: Printed for A. Hogg.
Black-and-white wood engraving depicting Moses descending from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments. Wood engraving by Héliodore Pisan after an illustration by Gustave Doré.
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 9, No. 15. In German, the text reads : --Ascher: "Gott verhüt's Isaac - treff ich dich - in solcher Gesellschaft - so ist's wahr - bist geworden ein Goy - wenn dies dei Äti wüßt - würd er sich umdrehen im Grab." --Isaac: "Gott - Nu Ascher - was soll's - in 3 Wochen wird mein Bruder ach Christ - da dreht sich der Äti noch enmal um - so kummt er wieder in seine vorige Lage." In English, the text reads: --Ascher: "God forbid Isaac - I come upon you - in such company - so it's true - you have beomce a goy - if Äti knew that - he would roll over in his grave." --Isaac: "God - Nu Ascher - so what - in three weeks my brother will be a Christian as well - then Äti will roll over one more time - this way he will return to his original position."
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 12. In German, the text reads : --Levi: "Wai - ich sterbe - ich hab jedem von Euch vermacht, 8000 Thaler, mein Sohn soll sie Euch auszahlen nach Jahresfrist." --Erben: "Warum erst nach Jahresfrist, Herr Levi?" --Levi: "Nu - bezahlt mir den Diskonto, so will ich's so ins Testament setzen, dass Ihr sie gleich kriegen könnt." In English, the text reads: --Levi: "Oh - I'm dying - I have bequeathed each of you 8000 Thaler, my son will disburse them to you after a year." --Heirs: "Why only after a year?" --Levi: "Nu - Pay off my discount for me, then I will put it in the will, that you all can receive it right away." Discounting is a financial mechanism in which a debtor obtains the right to delay payments to a creditor in exchange for a charge or fee.
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 25. In German, the text reads : --"Ach so Männecken! Gut dass ick Ihnen treffe! Sie sind ja der famose Kleider-händler aus die Bolkerstrasse! Ick wollte grade zu Ihnen mir uff den Sommer ee-nen neuen Pariser Paletôt koofen! Da ick Ihnen nu treffe können Sie mich gleich den Ihrigten überlassen!!" In English, the text reads : --"Oh, mate! Good that I'm running into you! You're the famous clothing merchant from Bolker Street! I was just on my way to you, to buy myself a new Parisian overcoat for the summer! Now that I've run into, you can give me your own!!"
Black-and-white lithograph depicting five Jewish men and women driving a gaggle of geese. At the bottom, excerpts from three verses. Proverbs 12:10 : A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast. Isaiah 9:12: The Arameans on the east, and the Philistines on the west; and they devour Israel with open mouth. Sirach 5:2-3 : Don’t follow your inclination nor your strength, in order to walk in the desires of your heart. And don’t think, “Who’ll have power over me?” Then the Lord, the highest punisher, will punish. Lithograph printed Strasbourg: Oberthür et emrich.
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 6, No. 42. In German, the text reads : --"Härsch, wo iss dein Bruder?" --"Gott soll hüte, er iß uff'm Rathhaus, dort wird er abgewandelt mit Fünfe-zwanzig, weil er hat getriebe en Hausierhandel im Ruckfall." --"No siehst de." Handel bringt Wandel. In English, the text reads : "Härsch, where is your brother?" --"May God protect us, he is at city hall, that's where he's going to be in the reformatory for 25 years, because of a subsequent offense for peddling." --"You see?" "Trade brings change!"
Print reproduction of a painting by Donald Moss of the Touro Synagogue in Newport. The painting was used as a model for the commemorative stamp featuring the Touro Synagogue, issued August 22, 1982.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of Rabbi Jacob Judah Aryeh Leon Templo. Engraving by Conrad Buno. From De Templo Hierosolymitano, tàm priori, quod aedificavit Salomo rex, quàm posteriori, quod devastavit Vespasianus… by Jacob Judah Aryeh Leon Templo, published Helmstedt: Jacob Muller.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the piazza outside of the Roman Ghetto. The gate of the ghetto can be seen at right. Engraving by Giuseppe Vasi. From Delle Magnificenze di Roma antica e moderna, Volume 2, by Giuseppe Vasi, published Rome, 1747-1761.
Hand-colored steel engraving depicting the Roman Ghetto. Engraving by Samuel Valentine Hunt after a painting by Louis Haghe. From Picturesque Europe, published London: Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Engraving by Michel Odieuvre. From L'Europe illustre, contenant l'histoire abrégée des souverains, des princes, des prélats, des ministres, des grands capitaines, des magistrats, des savans, des artistes, & des dames célèbres en Europe, Volume 5, by Jean-François Dreux du Radier.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of René of Anjou, mistakenly identified as a portrait of philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Engraving by Etienne Jehandier Desrochers.
Black-and-white line engraved portrait of philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Engraving by Wenzel Pobuda. Frontispiece to Sämmtliche Werke : aus dem lateinischen mit dem Leben Spinoza's, Volume 1, by Berthold Auerbach, published Stuttgart: J. Scheible.
Caricature by Bernhard Gillam published in Puck. The caricature depicts William Walter Phelps, Murat Halstead, and Joseph Medill standing at the "Solomon's Wall" of Blainiac Republicans (referring to James Gillespie Blaine), which is labeled with the words "party patronage." William M. Evarts is shown approaching the wall. In German, the text reads : "Die Juden von Jerusalem versammeln sich noch heutzutage an der sog. 'Salomon’s Mauer' der Tempel-Ruinen und wehklagen über die verschwundene Herrlichkeit Israel’s." In English, the text reads : "The Jews of Jerusalem gather even today in front of what is called "Salomon's Wall" (Western Wall) of the Temple ruins and lament the vanished glory of Israel."
Black-and-white lithograph of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. Lithograph by Thomas Picken after Ermete Pierotti. Printed by Day & Son. From Jerusalem explored, being a description of the ancient and modern city, Volume 2, by Ermete Pierotti, published Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, and Co.; London: Bell and Daldy.
Black-and-white wood engraving of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. From an illustration by Isaac Snowman. Published in the June 4, 1898, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Hanukkah in the synagogue. The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Hermann Junker's painting Das Neumondgebet. Published in Über Land und Meer, Jahrgang 28, Band 56, Heft 32.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of the Western Wall in Jerusalem. From Jerusalem, Bethany and Bethlehem by J. L. Porter, published London: T. Nelson.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Purim festivities. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Ultrajecti : ex officinâ Francisci Halma.
Caricature of a Jewish man asking another man for advice. In German, the text reads : --Jude: "Herr Major - as Sie mir sind genannt worden als ein Mann von Ehr - wollt ich mich bei Ihnen informiere - ich hab gekriegt ne Ohrfeige vom Herr Lieutenant Sibitz, was hab ich zu thun in der difficile Sach?" --Major: "Da müssen Sie sich mit ihm schiessen." --Jude: "Gott, er kann todt bleiben und ich kann todt bleiben - und ich bin verheirathet." --Major: "Da muss einer von Ihnen wenigstens Homburg verlassen." --Jude: "Gott er ist zu seinem Vergnügen heir und ich für meine Gesundheit, wer soll weichen?" --Major: "Nun ich würde mir aus eine Ohrfeige so sehr viel nicht machen." --Jude: "Gott Herr Major, wenn Sie sich nir d'raus machen als en Mann von Ehr, ich mach mir gewis nichts d'raus!" In English, the text reads : --Jew: "Mr. Major - as you have been referred to me as a man of honor - I want you to advise me - I received a slap in the face from Mr. Lieutenant Sibitz, what do I have to do in this difficult situation?" --Major: "You must have a shoot out with him." --Jew: "Oh God, he could be left dead and I could be left dead - and I am married." --Major: "Then at least one of you must leave Hamburg." --Jew: "Dear God, he's here for pleasure, and I'm here for my health, who should budge?" --Major: Well, I wouldn't make so much over a slap in the face." --Jew: Oh God, Mr. Major - if you wouldn't make anything of this as a man of honor, then I certainly won't make anything of it!"
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 9, No. 46. In German, the text reads : --"Ach, mein Sohn, der Abraham, s'is ein Jung, hab ich doch nicht an ihn gewandt umsonst all das scheine Geld und de Kosten! - hab ich ihn gefragt; Abraham hab ich gesagt, was willst de dann werden? - 'Nun da werd ich Vitriol, hat er gesagt,' Ach wie heisst Vitriol? - 'Gott, Vater, da kann ich mer fressen überall dorch!'" In English, the text reads : --"Oh, my son, Abraham, he's a young boy, I have not appealed to him yet, all that beautiful money and the costs! -- So I asked him; Abraham, I said, what do you want to be? -- "Now, I'm going to become a Vitriol, he said" Oh, and what does vitriol mean?-- "God, Father, it's where I can eat more than everywhere else!"--
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 9, No. 45. In German, the text reads : --"Na, schaun's was laufen Se immer an mei Haus vorbei, und kuke, und wolle doch nicks mache?" --"Jott, komm ich vorbei an's Haus, denk ich immer, hab' ich z' Haus nur e' ganze kleine Boutique, un bin schuldig sau viel, wenn Se aber haben saune irausse, Gott müssen Sie erst viel, sähre viel sein schuldig!" In English, the text reads : --"Now, I see that you always walk past my house, and watch, and you don't want to do anything?" --"When I come past the house, I always think, at home I've got a very small boutique, and owe so much, but you've got a ton of space, God must owe you a lot!
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 9, No. 17. In German, the text reads : --Meyer: "Nun wie geht's?" --Moses: "Ach ich bin nur gesund." --Meyer: "Was willst du sagen mit deinem nur?" --Moses: "Was ich will sagen? Als ich hob nischt verdient, was thu ich mit der Gesundheit? Wär ich krank, hätt ich doch weniger Appetit." In English, the text reads : --Meyer: "Well how's it going?" --Moses: "Oh, I'm just healthy." --Meyer: "What are you trying to say with your 'just'? --Moses: "What am I trying to say? If I did not deserve it, what am I going to do with good health? If I were sick, I'd have less of an appetite."
Caricature. In German, the text reads : --"Mai - höre, Memmelchen! Hab' ich doch gemacht alle Papierche zu baarem Gold und wollt' es wegschicken, weil es nicht mehr sicher ist hier - aber sie lassens nicht mehr hinaus, und wenn sie uns hier todtschlagen kriegen se unser Geld ach noch - das bringt mich um." In English, the text reads : "Dear mother, isten to me! I had all of the paper money turned into bars of gold and wanted to send it away, because it isn't safe here anymore - but they are not letting any more out, and if they kill us here, they will get our money also - that kills me."
Caricature. In German, the text reads : --"Gott - Schmul - bist de aach gelade zum reichen Salomon - und hast nich emal e reines Hemd an?" --"Du ja auch nich - !" --"Weßt De was, zieh Du mein Hemd an - und ich Dains, so haben wir doch Baide die Wäsche gewechselt!" In English, the text reads : --"Oh, God - Schmul - you're also invited to rich Salomon's -- and don't even have a clean shirt on?" --"You don't either - !" --"You know what, you put my shirt on - and I'll put on yours, that way it'll look like we both just mixed up the laundry!"
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde / representées en 243 figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard, avec des explications historiques & curieuses par M. l’abbé Banier & par M. l’abbé Mascrier, Volume 1, published Paris: Rollin fils, 1741.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting reading from a Torah scroll, above, and a Jewish circumcision, below. The Hebrew text on the Torah scroll reads : "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). Frontispiece from Johannis BuxtorfI patris, Synagoga Judaica : de judaeorum fide, ritibus, ceremoniis, tam publicis & sacris, quàm privatis, in domestica vivendi ratione by Johannes Buxtorf, published Basileae: Sumptibus authoris, apud Johan. Jacobum Deckerum.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. Engraving by Gérard Jean-Baptiste Scotin after Hubert-François Gravelot. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish circumcision. Etching by Jan Luyken. From Kerk-zeeden ende gewoonten die huiden in gebruik zijn onder de jooden by Leon Modena, published Amsterdam: Timotheus ten Hoorn.
Donnerstag (Thursday). In German, the text reads : "Der Tag an den mann wird gemahnt / Die Schulden zu bezahlen, / Kommt oft so schnell herbeigerant / Das mann erschrickt zumalen; / Wenn mann Just nicht bei Gelde ist, / Ach! da macht einem Jud und Christ. Wahrhaftig Donnerstäge." In English, the text reads : "The day on which one is reminded / To pay the debts, / It often sneaks up on one so quickly, / That one becomes the picture of shock. / When one doesn't have access to the money, / Oh! As does a Jew and a Christian."
Color lithographic maps showing the dispersal of the descendants of Noah after the flood, and the twelve tribes of Israel, with additional biblical maps. From Cram's universal atlas : geographical, astronomical and historical by George F. Cram, published Chicago: George F. Cram.
Color maps of ancient and modern Jerusalem. From A dictionary of the Bible : comprising its antiquities, biography, geography, natural history and literature by William Smith, published Philadelphia: John C. Winston Company.
Color lithographic map of Jerusalem. From Cram's universal atlas : geographical, astronomical and historical by George F. Cram, published Chicago: George F. Cram.
Black-and-white lithographed portrait of Lelio Cantoni, Chief Rabbi of the Jewish universities of Piedmont. Lithograph by D. Festa after a drawing by Petronilla.
Black-and-white lithographed portrait of Chief Rabbi Maier Zipser (1815-1869). Published in Beth-el : Ehrentempel verdienter ungarischer Israeliten by Ignaz Reich.
Lithograph for the sheet music cover for "Le juif errant : quadrille brillant," by Victor Lazard, published Paris: L. d'Arnaud. Lithograph by Frédéric Bouchot.
Black-and-white engraving depicting scenes from the Book of Exodus. From Biblische Geschichten des Alten und Neuen Testaments / Historiae Biblicae Veteris et Novi Testamenti by Joseph Sebastian Klauber and Johann Baptist Klauber.
Hand-colored etching depicting a sentimental contemplation of the moon. In German, the text reads : "Nicht weiss gesotten, nicht plettirt, / Und doch solch magnifiquer Schein! / Ach, mein Gemüth ist ganz gerührt / Er muss messiv von Silber seyn!" In English, the text reads : "Not blanched, not plated, / And yet such a magnifiscent gleam! Oh, my soul is deeply moved / It must be made of silver!"
Sheet music for "Yisrolik in sein eigen land" = "Yiśroliḳ in zayn aygen land," word by Louis Gilrod; music by Arnold Perlmutter and Herman Wohl, published New York: Hebrew Publishing Company.
Hand-colored etched caricature depicting a fantastical view of the sun. In German, the text reads : "Gotts Wunder, welcher Glanz und Schein / Das muss ep's rores von Vergilding seyn!" In English, the text reads : "God's wonders, which glimmer and shine / That must be something rare and gilt!"
Sheet music for "The sorrowing Jew : a hymn written by a friend of Israel, in London," music composed by George J. Webb, and respectfully dedicated to the Ladies Jew Society of Newburyport, by their obliged servant Matthew A. Berk. Published Boston: B. W. Thayer's Lithography.
Caricature on the subject of Jewish emanicipation. In German, the text reads : "Du machst mit deinen Geld hienieden. / Ganz nach Gefallen Krieg und Frieden. / Zum Dank sind diese grosse Orden. / Dir allgemach zutheil geworden. / Zwar darf ich das Kreuz nicht leiden. / Doch golden nehm' ich's an mit Freuden. / Wie Meyer, Hirsch und Löwe schon. / Gold bringt zum Ruhm und hohe Ehre. / Hoch stehe ich auf goldne Heere. / Und hoff' Emancipation." In English, the text reads : "You put your money beneath you. / All of it after the beneficial war and peace. / Thank God these are the largest orders. / The majority became a part of it. / Even though I am not allowed to suffer the cross. / Still, golden I'll take it on with friends. / Like Meyer, Hirsch, and Löwe already. / Gold brings glory and high honors. / I stand up high on golden armies. / And hope for emancipation." Published Leipzig: Luis Rocca.
Caricature of Jewish participation in the National Guard during the Revolutions of 1848. In German, the text reads : --"Wai! -- A Wai der Feind kümmt! -- A Wai! Se thün auch scheißsen!" In English, the text reads : --"Vey! -- Oy vey the enemy is coming! -- Oy, vey! They are shooting too!"
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