Black-and-white engravings depicting the priestly blessing, above, and lifting the Torah, below, at the Portuguese Synagogue in the Hague. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the tallit (prayer shawl) and tefillin (phylacteries) used during prayer. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes). From Het algemeen groot historisch, oordeelkundig, chronologisch, geografisch, en letterlyk naam- en woord-boek, van den gantschen H. Bybel by Augustin Calmet.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of René of Anjou, mistakenly identified as a portrait of philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Engraving by Etienne Jehandier Desrochers.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the vestments of the Jewish high priest. Engraving by Johann Carl Joseph Störcklin. From Biblia, das ist: die gantze Heilige Schrifft Alten und Neuen Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Basel: Thurneysen.
Black-and-white engraved portrait of Moses. Engraving by Joseph de Montalegre. From Biblia, das ist : die gantze Heilige Schrifft, Altes und Neues Testaments, translated by Martin Luther, published Nuremberg: Johann Andreas Endter.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting sacrifices at the Temple for Sukkot. Engraving by Coenraad de Putter. From Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du monde, jusqu’à présent, Volume 7, published Amsterdam: Arkstée et Merkus, 1742-1782.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish holiday rituals, including lighting a menorah on Hanukkah, Purim festivities, mourning on Tisha B'Av, and the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Sabbath at home and in the synagogue. Engraving by Johann Georg Puschner. From Jüdisches Ceremoniel, first published by Paul Christian Kirchner in 1717, edited and reissued by the Christian Hebraist Sebastian Jugendres in 1724, published Nuremberg: Peter Conrad Monath.