Betty Lindau Ustun reflects on growing up in Columbia, South Carolina, a city she describes as “not exactly welcoming to all Jews.” She remembers that the Orthodox Jews there did not consider Reform Jews “real Jews.” The Lindaus belonged to the Reform congregation, Tree of Life, and her mother, Beatrice Perl Lindau, worked closely with Helen Kohn Hennig in the synagogue’s Sunday school and sisterhood. Beatrice, the daughter of a baker from Szeged, Hungary, married Jules W. Lindau, III, a plastics engineer. Betty talks about how the family wound up in Columbia, where her father owned Southern Plastics and promoted the growth of engineering programs at local colleges. She briefly discusses her family’s feelings about the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and ’60s and their response to the formation of the State of Israel. Betty was working for Voice of America in Washington, D.C. when she met her future husband, Semih Ustun, the son of a Turkish diplomat. They married in 1956 and raised two sons in the capital. Betty was a founding member of Southwest Hebrew Congregation in Washington, later renamed Temple Micah. The transcript includes comments inserted by the interviewee during proofreading. See Mss. 1035-392 for follow-up interviews conducted in 2014.
Robert “Rabbit” Lockwood grew up on the South Battery in Charleston, South Carolina. In his interview, Lockwood describes his long and rich family history, which dates back to the earliest Europeans in South Carolina, including two family members who were blockade runners for the Confederacy during the Civil War. Lockwood’s family tradition of seafarers includes his grandfather and great-uncle who were harbor pilots in Charleston. During his early years, he attended Gaud School for Boys and Charleston High before majoring in Civil Engineering at The Citadel. After graduation, Lockwood became an apprentice harbor pilot, working at the Charleston Harbor until he retired at the age of seventy. In his reflections, Lockwood considers himself lucky to have been able to keep this job and avoid the fate of many of his classmates, who served in Vietnam. He also shares some of his more memorable experiences as a harbor pilot.
Gerald G. Mishoe was born in Conway, South Carolina in 1949. He was the son of Conway firefighter Julian Grant Mishoe, who sparked Gerald Mishoe’s love of firefighting. He spent much of his childhood with his father at the firehouse and watching him fight fires. Mishoe moved to Charleston, South Carolina in 1964. After graduating from high school he joined the St. Andrews Parish fire department to work with his father. After retiring and since the death of nine Charleston firefighters at the Sofa Superstore in 2007, Mishoe has been working with the Lowcountry Firefighter Support Team, which helps firefighters cope with the emotional burden associated with their profession. The team has supported nearly six thousand firefighters and their family members. In the interview, Mishoe tells about fires that stand out in his memory, the occasions he felt his life was in danger, and the changes he has witnessed over decades in the firefighting practice. He explains advances in technology have driven some changes, but others have been driven by tragedies, such us the Sofa Super Store fire in Charleston. He details things that went wrong during the fatal 2007 store fire. He states that a thorough evaluation of those failures has lead to improvements in safety protocols, accountability, equipment, and training. Mishoe also reflects on his journey learning to acknowledge his feelings and the effects of untreated trauma on himself and his family. He states that the ‘machismo’ common among first responders constitutes a huge risk for them. He asserts the importance of the work that Lowcountry Firefighter Support Team is doing, helping firefighters to stay in the job and increasing the quality of life. Mishoe’s son carries on the family tradition as a Charleston firefighter.
Anthony Wright, renowned locally as "Tony the Peanut Man" was born in Savannah, Georgia on December 12, 1952. He grew up in the segregated Maryville community with his mother and five siblings. He attended Wallace High School and following school integration he went to Moultrie High. He was suspended for a year because he fought with a Caucasian student. He decided to quit school and instead earn his GED. In 1973 enlisted in the United States Army. After his service, Wright was employed by Gulfstream Aerospace in Savannah, and Lockheed in Charleston. When Lockheed closed, Wright struggled to get a good paying job. Mr. Marion Howard encouraged him to try selling peanuts in the Charleston market. Reluctantly, he decided to give it a try. At the beginning he was shy and other sellers in the market urged him to "be more like Mr. Ben," who was old and beloved peanut seller. Wright created a song and dance that helped him to increase sales. Wright sang, "I got some boiled and I got some toasted, got some stewed and I got some roasted. Oh, yeah, peanut man, uh-huh, catch him if you can because I got the right one baby, uh-huh." Wright's friendly and personable style made him successful and lead to appearances on television and a film. Moreover, his attitude and community involvement earned him the love and recognition of his fellow Charlestonians. Wright's entrepreneur spirit took him to write a comic book, Peanut Man. He used it as a tool to persuade children to follow their dreams. He also looked for ways to expand his business. In the interview he describes his struggles as an African-American vendor to be allowed to sell peanuts at The Citadel, Joe Riley Stadium, and the Daniel Island stadium and also the challenges he experienced when a fire destroyed his business and when a deal to sell can peanuts ended badly. In the interview he asserts being grateful for his life experiences and looking at the future with enthusiasm, "my goal is to be the number one peanut man in the world ... I just want to leave something behind that people can appreciate."
Leila "Sugie" Rosenfeld Einstein, born in Asheville, North Carolina, in 1936, grew up in Greenville, South Carolina, at a time when there were few Jewish youth in the small Upcountry city. One of three children of Cyvia Shapero and William Rosenfeld, Leila talks about her childhood. Her family belonged to Congregation Beth Israel, the Orthodox synagogue that later affiliated with the Conservative Movement. She attended Women's College in North Carolina for a year, then transferred to the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, where she met her husband, Nathan Einstein. They married in 1957 and raised three sons in Greenville. Nathan joined Leila's father in his business, William Rosenfeld Insurance, and later, with their son Dan, formed a new insurance company, Rosenfeld Einstein. The interviewee discusses several aspects of Greenville's organized Jewish community, including cemetery upkeep and changes in practices at Temple of Israel, Greenville's Reform synagogue (she and her husband are members of Temple of Israel and Congregation Beth Israel). She considers the possibility of a merger of the two congregations, a topic that has been raised among members of both groups in the past. Einstein and interviewer Sandra Lee Rosenblum describe the effect Chabad's presence has had on the Jewish community in their respective cities of Greenville and Charleston. Leila recounts her impression of events surrounding Autherine Lucy's enrollment as the first black student at the University of Alabama.
Mario Puga was born in Mexico in 1974. When he was sixteen years old he moved to the United States and resided in Rhode Island with his older siblings. He graduated from high school and dreamed of attending college but could not because he was undocumented. Thus, he went back to his country and met a beautiful young woman, Alma Lopez. However, he soon realized he would have better chances to succeed in the United States and decided to return. He was in Texas living with his brother when he learned that Alma also had made the trip, and was living in Johns Island, South Carolina. He followed her and found himself living in a rural area for the first time in his life. He started working in agriculture mainly because there were no other available jobs, but also because it provided housing. Soon, he married his girlfriend and they had their first child. In the interview, Puga explains he always had a drive for learning and improving himself. He has participated in many community organizations but states it was Sister Mary Joseph Ritter from Our Lady of Mercy Community Outreach who taught him about leadership and community service. Puga and his wife participated in the march opposing the South Carolina immigration law SB 20 and are working with a retired police officer, Key Wang, to promote legislation that would allow undocumented immigrants to apply and obtain driver licenses in South Carolina. Descripción: Mario Puga nació en México en 1974. Cuando tenía dieciséis años se radicó en Rhode Island donde estaban sus hermanos mayores. Se graduó de la escuela secundaria y soñaba con ir a la universidad, pero no pudo porque era indocumentado. Volvió a su país para visitar a sus padres y estando en su tierra natal conoció a su futura esposa, Alma López. Cuando se dió cuenta de que sus posibilidades de progresar eran muy limitadas decidió regresar a Estados Unidos. Se estableció en Texas donde vivía uno de sus hermanos. Estando allí supo que Alma había cruzado la frontera y que estaba residiendo en Johns Island en Carolina del Sur. Entonces resolvió buscarla. El cambio de paisaje no fue fácil, había vivido la mayor parte de su vida en ciudades grandes y tuvo que aprender a vivir en un área rural. Se empleó como trabajador agrícola, en primer lugar porque no había muchas otras opciones laborales pero también porque este trabajo le proporcionaba vivienda. Al poco tiempo contrajo matrimonio y tuvo su primer hijo. En la entrevista, Puga explica que siempre ha tenido el deseo de aprender y superarse y por eso mismo siempre ha estado interesado en participar en proyectos colectivos. Ha sido miembro activo de muchas organizaciones desde su juventud, pero afirma que la hermana Mary Joseph Ritter de Our Lady of Mercy Outreach ha sido la persona que realmente le enseñó el significado de liderazgo y servicio comunitario. En el año 2011, Puga y su esposa participaron en las protestas comunitarias en contra de la promulgación y puesta en vigencia de ley de la inmigración de Carolina del Sur SB 20. También han trabajado con un oficial de policía retirado, el señor Key Wang, para elaborar y promover un proyecto de ley que permitiría a los inmigrantes indocumentados solicitar y obtener licencias de conducir en Carolina del Sur.
Ida Lurey Bolonkin and her daughter Joan Bolonkin Meir discuss the Lurey family's emigration from Russia to South Carolina, where they stayed briefly in Spartanburg before settling in Greenville. Ida's father, Morris, met and married her mother, Austrian immigrant Mollie Dolk, in Rhode Island, and brought her back to Greenville where he ran a general merchandise store and she opened a grocery store. Ida, the youngest of six children, talks about her siblings and meeting her husband, Martin Bolonkin, at an AZA (Aleph Zadik Aleph) meeting. Ida was raised in Greenville's Orthodox synagogue, Beth Israel (now Conservative), but she joined Martin in the Reform Temple of Israel after they married. Joan, born in 1957, is their eldest child; she was joined four years later by her brother, Fred. Ida owned Lake Forest Outlet, a women's clothing store, and Martin manufactured ladies' blouses. The interviewees recount stories associated with Martin's livelihood: Jim Crow laws forced him to throw separate Christmas parties for his white and black employees; Ida and Joan remember the family feeling threatened by union organizers from the North, who sought to unionize the plant. They recall Martin's uncle Shep Saltzman, owner of the Piedmont Shirt Company, and his sponsorship of World War II refugee Max Heller, who later became mayor of Greenville. They describe antisemitism they experienced and observed in Greenville, and Joan recounts how her Camp Blue Star experiences bolstered her sense of Jewish identity: "When I was at Blue Star, the whole world was Jewish."
Cibele Bustos was born in Mendoza, Argentina in 1993. Her parents were part of a significant group of Argentinians that left the country looking for better opportunities after the economic crisis in the late 1990s. Bustos explains, at the time, she was only eight years old and was not aware of her parents' motivations. In consequence, the whole trip to the United States was a joyful experience filled with adventure and good expectations. Her first impressions of United States were positive, and she explains that attending school without speaking English was not easy but she learned and adjusted. In the interview, Bustos tells about becoming aware she was an immigrant without papers, and what that realization meant for her. Raised in the United States, she had the same aspirations as her peers but realized her opportunities to study, work, and progress were much more limited. A window of hope opened for her, her siblings and friends when President Obama’s administration announced the implementation of DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) in 2012, an immigration policy that allows certain undocumented youth to receive a work permit and exception for deportation. Bustos remembers the optimism and enthusiasm in her community, how the information was shared among families and friends and how her mother took the lead helping her and her siblings to obtain all the documents they needed to apply. Finally, she explains the advantages and limitations of DACA and the frustration she felt when realized that studying in college was still a dream very hard to achieve. Descripción: Cibele Bustos nació en Mendoza Argentina en 1993. Sus padres fueron parte de un considerable grupo de argentinos que tras la crisis económica de fines de los noventa abandonó el país en busca de mejores horizontes. Bustos explica que en ese momento ella tenía solo ocho años y que no era consciente de las motivaciones de sus padres por lo que todo el viaje a los Estados Unidos fue una experiencia feliz, llena de aventuras y buenas expectativas. Sus primeras impresiones de Estados Unidos fueron positivas y se acuerda de que el ajuste a la escuela sin hablar inglés no fue fácil, pero que encontró la manera de salir adelante. En la entrevista, Bustos cuenta como fue tomar conciencia siendo adolescente de que era una inmigrante sin papeles. Una ventana de esperanza se abrió para ella, sus hermanos y otros jóvenes en su misma situación cuando la administración del presidente Obama creó DACA (Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia) una resolución en política de inmigración que permitió que ciertos jóvenes indocumentados pudieran recibir su permiso de trabajo y ser exceptuados de deportación. Bustos recuerda la alegría y el entusiasmo que se vivieron en su comunidad, cómo se compartieron las noticias y el papel fundamental que cumplió su madre para que ella y sus hermanos pudieran conseguir la documentación que necesitaban. Finalmente explica las ventajas y limitaciones de DACA y la frustración que sintió cuando se dio cuenta de que seguir estudiando era un sueño muy difícil de alcanzar.
Sydney Solomon Yaschik Richman, born in 1934, the youngest of Mary Rosen and Benjamin Louis Solomon's three daughters, briefly describes why she didn't like growing up in Moncks Corner, South Carolina. Her parents, both immigrants from Russia, ran a general store in the small town more than thirty miles north of Charleston from sometime before World War II until 1951. While living in Moncks Corner, Mary, Benjamin, and Sydney paid visits twice a week to Charleston, where Mary had family and where they each socialized with friends. By that time, Sydney's older sisters Dorothy and Frances were out of the house. Sydney married Eugene Yaschik in 1954 after he graduated from The Citadel. She talks about joining him in Wiesbaden, Germany, in 1955, where he was stationed in the army, and provides some background on the Yaschik family. Sydney and Eugene settled in Charleston and had three children, Benjamin, Martin, and Barbara. Eugene died in 1966 in a boating accident. The interviewee married Harold "Billy" Morton Richman of Newport News, Virginia, in 1968. Sydney recalls a project she headed for Charleston Jewish Federation that entailed furnishing apartments for Soviet refugees and her work for the Brith Sholom Beth Israel Sisterhood. She discusses the difficulties the established Orthodox congregation, Brith Sholom Beth Israel, has recently faced, losing young families to Charleston's new Orthodox synagogue, Dor Tikvah, while older members are dying off.
The panel discussion titled "Aiken Pioneers, Then and Now," held at the fall 2014 meeting of the Jewish Historical Society of South Carolina in Aiken, South Carolina, features ten panelists with ties to the small city less than twenty miles east of Augusta, Georgia. Family names mentioned include Cohen, Baumgarten, Efron, Evans, Kamenoff, Kaplan, Levinson, Polier, Rudnick, Surasky, and Wolf. Speakers share stories of ancestors who arrived as immigrants in the early 1900s. Those who came later in the twentieth century, including Holocaust survivor Judith Evans, describe their experiences melding with an established Jewish community and congregation, Adath Yeshurun. A consistent theme emerges: a warm and immediate sense of family. Samuel Wolf Ellis, born in 1983 and the youngest member of the panel, expresses his connectedness to the synagogue: "In my heart I feel that my heritage is sort of written into every old floorboard and every crossbeam and every pane of glass and every brick." Another theme is presented by Doris Baumgarten, who observes that Jews have always been well accepted in Aiken. She discovered documentation by John Hamilton Cornish, a minister of St. Thaddeus Episcopal Church, of "Israelites" in Aiken as early as 1856, when Jewish women helped raise money for the church with a bake sale. She notes that Rev. Gustavus Poznanski, hazan of Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina, came with his musician sons to give a concert to benefit the church as well. Doris offers examples of how, in more recent times, Jewish residents have blended with and been engaged by the majority gentile community. Audience member Rosemary "Binky" Read Cohen of Charleston, the granddaughter of Aiken resident Sophie Halpern Panitz Rudnick, speaks during Q & A about how Aiken feels like a second home to her. For related materials in Special Collections, College of Charleston, see the Aiken Jewish community collection, Mss. 1042; Adath Yeshurun Synagogue's 75th Anniversary Founders Day Celebration presentation, Mss. 1035-069; and Adath Yeshurun's 100th Anniversary panel discussion, Mss. 1035-592.
