Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jewish merchants from Poland. From a drawing by Eugène Joseph Viollat. From Ridpath's universal history, Volume 5, by John Clark Ridpath.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Jews from Lithuania. From a drawing by Jean Antoine Valentin Foulquier. From Ridpath's universal history, Volume 5, by John Clark Ridpath.
Black-and-white photograph of a Jewish man from North Africa. The caption on the back of the photograph reads: "There are many Orthodox Jews in North Africa, descendants of ancestors who have probably lived there since Emperor Hadrian banished the Jews from Rome."
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jewish men in the National Guard during the November Uprising (1830-1831). From Di Iden in Rusland un Poylen by Israel Friedlaender. Originally printed in Les Israélites de Pologne by Léon Hollaenderski.