Black-and-white wood engraving depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. Original illustration from the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. Engraving by Gérard Jean-Baptiste Scotin after Hubert-François Gravelot. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving after Bernard Picart.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the celebration of Simchat Torah by the Portuguese Jews of Amsterdam. Engraving Thomas Bowles after Bernard Picart.
Color illustration of Tisha B'Av by Ze'ev Raban. Originally published in Hagenu : sefer temunot / Our holidays (1928). With stanzas excerpted from "The Wailing Place in Jerusalem" by Louis Federleicht.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving by James Mynde after Bernard Picart.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving after Bernard Picart.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white engravings depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Claude Du Bosc after Bernard Picart. From The Ceremonies and Religious Customs of the Various Nations of the Known World : together with historical annotations and several curious discourses... Written originally in French, and illustrated with a large number of folio copper plates designed by Mr. Bernard Picart, and curiously engraved by most of the best hands in Europe..., Volume 1, published London: William Jackson and Claude Dubosc, 1733-1739.
Black-and-white woodcut depicting the ceremony of tashlikh. From Libellus de Judaica confessione by Johannes Pfefferkorn, published Cologne: Johannes Landen.
Black-and-white woodcut depicting the prestly blessing on Yom Kippur. From Libellus de Judaica confessione by Johannes Pfefferkorn, published Cologne: Johannes Landen.
Black-and-white woodcut depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah. From Libellus de Judaica confessione by Johannes Pfefferkorn, published Cologne: Johannes Landen.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Purim festivities. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Ultrajecti : ex officinâ Francisci Halma.
Black-and-white engraving depicting lighting a menorah on Hanukkah. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Ultrajecti : ex officinâ Francisci Halma.
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish circumcision. Etching by Jan Luyken. From Kerk-zeeden ende gewoonten die huiden in gebruik zijn onder de jooden by Leon Modena, published Amsterdam: Timotheus ten Hoorn.
Black-and-white etching of a Jewish divorce. Etching by Jan Luyken. From Kerk-zeeden ende gewoonten die huiden in gebruik zijn onder de jooden by Leon Modena, published Amsterdam: Timotheus ten Hoorn.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a woman fulfilling the three mitzvot (commandments) for Jewish women: niddah (family purity), nerot (lighting of candles), and challah (separating a portion of dough). Frontispiece to Seder ha-tefilot : mi-kol ha-shanah ʻim perush bi-leshon Ashkenaz, published Amsterdam: Moshe ben Avraham Mendes Ḳoṭinyo.
Black-and-white engraving of the celebration of Purim at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam in 1712. Engraving by William Forrest after an engraving by Bernard Picart. From The faiths of the world; an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, published Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a Jewish funeral, above, and a Jewish burial, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving with three scenes: a Jewish circumcision (at left), Moses and The Ten Commandments (center), and lighting the Sabbath lamp (right). Engraving by François Morellon La Cave. From Naaukeurige beschryving der uitwendige godtsdienst-plichten, kerk-zeden en gewoontens van alle volkeren der waereldt, Volume 1, by Bernard Picart, translated by Abraham Moubach, published: Rotterdam, Amsterdam & Den Haag: Uytwerf, Beman en Van der Kloot, 1727-38.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish ritual objects. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes). From Het algemeen groot historisch, oordeelkundig, chronologisch, geografisch, en letterlyk naam- en woord-boek, van den gantschen H. Bybel by Augustin Calmet.
Black-and-white engravings depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engravings depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of, above, and a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam, below. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes). From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving by Pieter Tanjé after Louis Fabricius Dubourg. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 5, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish holiday rituals, including eating in a sukkah during Sukkot, a haircut during Lag BaOmer, providing treats to children for Simchat Torah, and kiddush levana on Rosh Chodesh. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Jewish rituals of a Sotah (woman suspected of adultery) undergoing the ordeal of bitter water, a burial, and a circumsision. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Jewish holiday rituals, including lighting a menorah on Hanukkah, Purim festivities, mourning on Tisha B'Av, and the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot. From Philologus hebræo-mixtus by Johannes Leusden, published Basileæ, apud E. & J.R. Thurnisios, fratres.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a circumcision performed by a Portuguese Jewish family in Amsterdam, above, and pidyon haben (redemption of the first-born son), below. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs, et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde / representées en 243 figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard, avec des explications historiques & curieuses par M. l’abbé Banier & par M. l’abbé Mascrier, Volume 1, published Paris: Rollin fils, 1741.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish circumcision. Engraving by George Bickham. From The Universal Penman by George Bickham, published London: Printed for the author.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Passover seder of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Passover custom of the mother placing bits of unleavened bread for the father and children to discover and dispose of. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a masked ball on the occasion of Purim. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the interior of a sukkah during the celebration of Sukkot. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Jacobus Buys. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white engraving of the Portuguese Synagogue, New Synagogue, and Great Synagogue in Amsterdam during the celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot). Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the mikveh of the Great Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Pieter Wagenaar, Jr. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten by William Hurd, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony. Engraving by William Kneass. From A dictionary of the Holy Bible : containing an historical account of the persons, a geographical and historical account of the places, a literal, critical, and systematical description of other objects, whether natural, artificial, civil, religious, or military... by John Brown, published Pittsburgh: Zadok Cramer.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Passover seder. Engraving by William Kneass. From A dictionary of the Holy Bible : containing an historical account of the persons, a geographical and historical account of the places, a literal, critical, and systematical description of other objects, whether natural, artificial, civil, religious, or military... by John Brown, published Pittsburgh: Zadok Cramer.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Yom Kippur ritual of malkot (lashes) in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new univeral history of the religious rites, ceremonies and customs of the whole world by William Hurd, published Manchester: J. Gleave.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Yom Kippur at the Ashkenazi Obbene Shul in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.
Black-and-white engraving depicting blowing the shofar on Rosh Hashanah at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish burial. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish funeral. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From Histoire des religions et des moeurs de tous les peuples du monde / avec 600 gravures, représentant toutes les cérémonies et coutumes religieuses, dessinées et gravées par le célèbre B. Picart ; publiées en Hollande, par J.-Fr. Bernard, Volume 5, published Paris: A. Belin, 1816-1819.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the slaughter of a lamb for Passover. With Hebrew text of Exodus 12:6, 27 : "And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at dusk..It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover." Frontispiece to Maḥzor shel Pesach, published Sulzbach: Buchdruckerey von S. Arnstein & Sohne.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Sukkot in the synagogue. With Hebrew text of Leviticus 23:40 : "And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of goodly trees, branches of palm-trees, and boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook, and ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven days." Frontispiece to Maḥazor le-ḥag ha-Sukot ule-shabat she-betokho : ke-minhag Ashkenaz : meduyaḳ heṭev u-mevoʼar yafeh u-meturgam Ashkenazit, published Sulzbach: Buchdruckerey von S. Arnstein & Sohne.
Black-and-white lithograph of a Jewish celebration in Algeria. From Voyage pittoresque dans la Régence d’Alger by Émile-Aubert Lessore and William Wyld. Printed and published Paris: Charles Motte.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting searching for leaven on the eve of Passover. From The pictorial Sunday book by John Kitto, published London: London Printing and Publishing Company.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Eugène Delacroix's painting Jewish Wedding in Morocco. Published in Payne's Universum und Buch der Kunst, Neue Folge, Dritte Band.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the marriage ceremony of Alphonse James de Rothschild and Leonora de Rothschild. Published in the March 14, 1857, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white engraving of the interior of the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, during the celebration of Purim. Engraving by William Forrest after an engraving by Bernard Picart. From The faiths of the world : an account of all religions and religious sects, their doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs by James Gardner. Published London & Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & Co.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jews from Poland in the synagogue on Yom Kippur. After a drawing by Wilhelm August Stryowski. Published in the October 15, 1864, edition of L'Univers illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Moritz Oppenheim's painting The Wedding (Die Trauung). Published in the May 1, 1869, ediction of L'Univers illustré.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting searching for leaven on the eve of Passover. From the article "Passover observances" published in the September 1, 1870, edition of The Sunday Magazine.
Photographic reproduction of a painting by Hermann Junker depicting a Yom Kippur service for Jewish soldiers during the Franco-Prussian War. Photographic reproduction by Hermann Emden. Published Frankfurt am Main: Verlag v. Heinrich Keller.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Rosh Hashanah in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Tisha B'Av in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Shavuot in the synagogue. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the ceremony of kapparot. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish marriage ceremony in Tangier. From The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Hanukkah in the synagogue. The home and synagogue of the modern Jew : sketches of modern Jewish life and ceremonies, published London: Religious Tract Society.
![[Circumsicion]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39971/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Sukkot]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/36196/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Circumsicion]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35895/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[The Passover of the Portuguese Jews]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35558/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Funeral, burial]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35937/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Passover]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35551/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[On the Sabbath]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/59997/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Hasidic dance]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35768/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Tashlikh]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/48931/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Yom Kippur]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/48936/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Rosh Hashanah]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/40282/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Joodsche Besnydenis]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39973/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Joodsche Echtscheiding]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/48913/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Arbancanfod, Sitsith, Lampe Sabathique, Simurim, Matsot, Lulab, Citron, Sophar, Mezuza]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/36519/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Tuguriola, Tonsio Judaica, Festum lætitiæ Legis, Viri exeuutes ad radios lunares]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39679/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Poculum Zelotijpiæ, Sepultura Judæoum, Circumcisio]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39678/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Candelabrum Encoeniorum, Festum Purim, Dies nonus July, Flagellatio Judaica]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/39680/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Circumsicion]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35894/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
![[Passover observances]](https://iiif.library.cofc.edu/iiif/2/35628/full/200,/0/default.jpg)
