Hand-colored wood engraving of a married Jewish woman from Algeria. Wood engraving by Léopold Deghouy after Théodore Frère. From L'Afrique française by Christian Pitois, published Paris: A. Barbier.
Hand-colored etching of a scene from Karl Borromäus Alexander Sessa's satirical play "Unser Verkehr" (The Company We Keep). Etching after Johann Michael Voltz. In German, the text reads : "Harr Kerperol, Harr Affezier, Harr Generol! Hebbe Se de Gnod, hebbe Se dä grausse Gnod und lasse Se mich nit schiessen. Ich halt es nit aus, ich künns nit vertragen, ich künn nit riechen dä Pulver, ich fall in dä Ohnmacht!" In English, the text reads : "Sir Corporal, Sir Officer, Sir General! Have mercy, have great mercy and don't leave me under fire. I can't stand it any more, I can't endure it, I can't smell the gun powder any longer, I am going to faint!"
Black-and-white etching depicting a Jewish jeweler in Tangier. Etching by Adolphe-Alphonse Géry-Bichard after a painting by Alfred Dehodencq. Printed Paris: Imp. A. Salmon & Ardail. Published in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish woman from Tétouan. After a painting by Jean-François Portaels. Published in The Aldine, Volume 9.
Hand-colored etching depicting the Hep-Hep riots against Jews in Frankfurt. Participants in these riots rallied to the cry, "Hep! Hep!" The image contains Christians of different social classes beating and targeting Jews, as well as looting their homes. Two peasant women are assaulting a Jew with a pitchfork and a broom. A man wearing a waistcoat and cravat, of a higher social class, has a Jew by his throat and is aiming to beat him with a stick. Etching by Johann Michael Voltz.
Black-and-white lithograph depicting a group of Jewish peddlers from Poland showing their wares to two approaching Cossacks. Lithograph by Godefroy Engelmann after Louis-Albert-Ghislain Bacler d'Albe.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish high priest in his vestments. From An universal history, from the earliest account of time : compiled from original authors; and illustrated with maps, cuts, notes, &c. with a general index to the whole, Volume 3, published London: Printed for T. Osborne 1747-1768.
Black-and-white steel engraving depicting the Jewish high priest at the Golden Altar of Incense. Engraving by Jacques Louis Constant Le Cerf after Lanvin. From Histoire de la Terre-Sainte depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours by abbé Martin, published Paris: Duménil.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish high priest in his vestments. Engraving by Johann Gottfried Kolb. From Dictionarium historicum, criticum, chronologicum, geographicum, et literale Sacrae Scripturae, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published Augsburg: Veith.
Black-and-white lithograph depicting a Jewish peddler and Gabriel Riesser, member of the Frankfurt Parliament, discussing the "imperial wig." In German, the text reads: --Jude: "Dau sehe Se ä Mohl! Herr Docter, ebbes Rores a blonde Perück die ganz allan steht." --Dr: "Nun was nützt die alte Scharteke?" --Jude: "Verzeihe Se Herr Dr. Sie is noch kan 40 Johr alt und hot uns sehr genützt." In English, the text reads : --Jew: "Now, look at Mohl! Doctor, it's a rare thing to see a blond wig standing on its own." --Dr.: "Now, of what use is old thing?"-- Jew: "Forgive me, Doctor. It's not even 40 years old and has been very useful for us." The text references Moriz Mohl who, at the Frankfurt Parliament, argued against legal equality for Jews. Printed Frankfurt am Main: Lith. Anst. V. Ed. Gust. May.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish high priest in his vestments. Engraving by François van Bleyswyck. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 1, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Color lithograph of the exterior of the Neue Synagoge (New Synagogue) in Hannover. Drawn and lithographed by Castell. Lithograph printed and published Hannover: Artist. Anstalt von Bühring, Pinther & Curtze.
Color lithograph of the exterior of the exterior of the Alte Synagoge (Old Synagogue) in Stuttgart. Lithograph by F. Schlotterbeck after Hermann Herdtle. Printed and published Stuttgart: Lith. Anstalt v. B. Levi.
Black-and-white of the character Joad, the Jewish high priest, from Jean Racine's tragedy Athalie. Joad is shown wearing the vestments of the Jewish high priest. Engraving by Alexandre Chaponnier. From the series Galerie théâtrale.
Hand-colored engraving of the character Joad, the Jewish high priest, from Jean Racine's tragedy Athalie. Joad is shown wearing the vestments of the Jewish high priest. Engraving by Ludwig Wolff after Edmond Geffroy.
Black-and-white engraving entitled "horse shares." The scene below is observed above by three men holding the Ten Commandments. In German, the text reads : "Abraham: Sie sind maschuker, alles reit, Jetzt reit'n gar auch unsere Leut! Isaack: Der Jzig zieht die Knie ans Maul. Gebt Acht! Der fällt meih Seel von Gaul. Jakob: Der hat doch sonst'n guten Schlufs, Räb Jzig! -- was machst du für Stufs? Jzig: Herunter bringt'r mich doch nit. Er geht am End schon wieder Schritt. Heruntergeworfener. Das Pferd hat wie mein böles Weib, 5000 Teufel in den Leib! Streicher: Wir streichen euch Drei oder Vier, Dann wird es ruhig euer Thier. Madame Pfau: Das Zettelchen ist wirklich gut. Es langt zum Mantel und zum Hut. Magd: Mein braver Herr, der an mich denkt Hat mir die Aktie geschenkt. Schnipp: Komt! schnaufen wir ein wenig aus, Und reiten hin vor's Kaffehaus. Schnapp: Wird's mit der Eisenbahn gut gehn. Dann war's man wie die Gäule stehn. Schnur: Ich zieh den meinen in den Stall. Und deke mich für jeden Fall. Schnepeper: Der reit' Galopp der Trab der Schritt. Ich denk, ich bleib' so in der Mitt. Stallmeister Meseritzer: Macht was ihr wollt, dös wahls ich doch. Mer wherreitn euch alle noch." In English, the text reads : "Abraham: You are crazy, everything is ready. Even our people are now riding! Isaack: Jzig is pulling his knees into his mouth. Be cautious! He's missing the soul of Gaul . Jakob: He typically has a good ending anyways, Rabbi Jzig! -- what nonsense are you doing. Jzig: He'll not bring me down yet. He goes to the end and takes another step again. He is the thrown down one. That horse has 5000 devils in his body, just like my evil woman. Streicher: We are going to mark out three or four for you all, then it will become quiet for you animals. Madame Pfau: The little note is very good. It is enough for the coat to the hat. Magd: My well behaved Sir, who thinks of me, gave me the shares of stock as a gift. Schnipp: Come on! Let us take a breath for a bit, and let's ride ahead to the Coffee House. Schnapp: Will it go well with the train. Then it would stand like the nags. Schnur: I'm going to guide mine into the stables. And will cover them for any situation. Schnepeper: The rider gallops, the trot, the step. I think, I'm going to stay in the middle like this. Stallmeister Meseritzer: You all can do what you want, that's what I vote for. We will outride all of you eventually."
Color lithograph of the apse and Torah ark of the New Synagogue in Berlin. Lithograph printed Berlin: Lith. Anst. v. W. Loeillot. Published in the Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, Jahrgang 18, 1868.
Hand-colored engraving depicting a Jewish man holding a mezuzah. Engraving by Castelli. From Le Costume ancien et moderne, ou, Histoire du gouvernement, de la milice, de la religion, des arts, sciences et usages de tous les peuples anciens et modernes, Asia, Volume 3, by Giulio Ferrario, published Milan: De l'imprimerie de l'editeur, 1815-1829.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish man holding a mezuzah. From An historical, critical, geographical, chronological, and etymological dictionary of the Holy Bible, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published London: Printed for J. J. and P. Knapton, etc.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting a Jewish man holding a mezuzah. Published in the April 1880 edition of Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine.
Engraving of a Jew holding a mezuzah, along with symbols of Hindu and pagan religions. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde, Volume 6, by Bernard Picart.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the marriage ceremony of Albert Salomon von Rothschild and Bettina Caroline de Rothschild in the Grand Synagogue of Paris. From a drawing by Henri Meyer. Published in the April 2, 1876, edition of Le Journal illustré.
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 5. In German, the text reads : --"Jude, was ist das für eine Betrügerei?? Bei den renomistischen Anzeigen bekommt man ein Zeug, das nicht zu rauchen ist." --"Wai geschrien, Ihr Herren, es ist kein Betrug, doch bekannt ist, dass Eigenlob stinkt." In English, the text reads : --"Jew, what sort of scam is this?? In the boastful advertisements, you get some stuff that isn't even good enough to smoke." --"Oh, quit yelling, gentlemen, it is no scam, but it is well known, that self-praise stinks." The sign on the cigar store reads: "Here is the best variety of tobacco in the world."
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the removal of the Torah scrolls from the ark at the West London Synagogue on Upper Berkeley Street. From A sketch of the history of Judaism and Christianity in the light of modern research and criticism by George Thomas Bettany.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony. Original illustration by Irving R. Wiles. From the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 34. In German, the text reads : --"Soll uns Gott behüte, was thust de, reitst auf den Schacher an so hohem Fasttag?" --"Üh wie komm ich mir vor - woas für'n Fasttag?" --"Nu - Zerstörung Jerusalems - --"Was kümmerts mich - hab ich doch ka Haus in Jerusalem." In English, the text reads : --"May God protect us, what are you doing, are you riding off to haggle on such an important fast day?" --"Ugh, how do I feel about this - what sort of day of fasting?" --"Nu - the destruction of Jerusalem -" --"What do I care - I don't have a house in Jerusalem."
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 9. In German, the text reads : --"Sagens mol sachverständiger Maister von de Kunst, mein Sohn wird doch später sehr fain werden, schauns schwarze Augen, schwarze Haare hat er schon und wenn er alt wird werden so kriegt er noch ä krümmer Nas." In English, the text reads : --"Say, knowledgeable master of the arts, my son will become very attractive later in life, look at his black eyes, he already has black hair and when he gets older he'll get a crooked nose as well."
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 8, No. 39. In German, the text reads : --"Denken Sie sich Herr Commerzienrath, da hab ich gestern und heute den ganzen Tag auf einem Wechsel gestanden, und hab nichts drauf gekriegt." --"Das macht, weil Sie nicht seind solid Baronsche, steh ich auf à Wechsel kriege Se überall was drauf." In English, the text reads : --"Do you think of yourself as a Commerzienrath, while I spent all day yesterday and today at the Exchange, and received nothing for it." --"That's due to the fact that you are not a baron, if I were to stand at the exchange, you would have received something from everywhere."
Caricature published in the Düsseldorfer Monathefte, Band 7, No. 2. In German, the text reads : --"Wo sind se gewese?" --"Bin gewese ins Theater." --"Was habe se gegebe?"-- "24 Kreizer." --"Ich meine was für ä Stück." --"Nu, ein Sechsbatzner." --"Ach das is jo nich zum Aushalte." --"Das hab ich aach gefunde, drum bin ich weggange." In English, the text reads : --"Where were you?" --"I was at the theater" --"What did they have?" --"24 Kreuzer." --"I meant, what type of piece." --"Nu, a Sechsbatzner." --"Ah, that's unberable!" --"That's what I thought too, which is why I left." Kreuzer and Batzen are silver coins; 24 Kreuzer equals 6 Batzen (Sechsbatzner).
Black-and-white engraving depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony. Engraving by William Kneass. From A dictionary of the Holy Bible : containing an historical account of the persons, a geographical and historical account of the places, a literal, critical, and systematical description of other objects, whether natural, artificial, civil, religious, or military... by John Brown, published Pittsburgh: Zadok Cramer.
Color lithograph of "Death to the Jew" from La danse des morts à Bâle de Holbein / Basler Todtentanz von Hans Holbein by Hieronymus Hess, published Basel: Hasler & Cie. In German, the text reads : --Der Tod zum Juden: "Hujum, Jud! mach dich auf die Fahrt; / Dein's Messiä hast zu lang g'wart: / Christum, welchen ihr habt ermördt, / War der recht, ihr habt lang geirrt." --Antwort des Juden: "Ein Rabbi war ich der Geschrift, / Zog aus der Bibel nur das Gift: / Gar wenig nach Messiam tracht, / Hatt' mehr auf Schätz und Wucher Acht." In English, the text reads : --Death to the Jew: "Up, Jew, and take the common gate, / In vain you for Messiah wait; / Christ, whom, you slew, was He indeed, / You've follow'd long a hopeless creed." The Jew's reply: "As Rabbi long the law I knew, / But poison from its pages drew; / Messiah had few charms for me, / My faith was Gold and Usury."
Color offset print reproduction depicting a Jewish marriage ceremony at the Great Synagogue in London at Duke's Place, officiated by Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler. Published in the April 15, 1876, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white engraving of Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem. Engraving by William Finden after a drawing by J. M. W. Turner from a sketch by Archibald Edmonstone. From Landscape illustrations of the Bible, consisting of views of the most remarkable places mentioned in the Old and New Testaments, published London: John Murray.
Black-and-white steel engraving of the Tomb of Absalom in Jerusalem. From Meyer's Universum, oder Abbildung und Beschreibung des Sehenswerthesten und Merkwürdigsten der Natur und Kunst auf der ganzen Erde, published Hildburghausen: Bibliogr. Instit.
Black-and-white engraving depicting Moses descending from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments. Engraving by John C. McRae after an illustration by Gustave Doré. From The Holy Bible : containing the Old and New Testaments…, published Philadelphia: A.J. Holman & Co.
Black-and-white engraving of a Jewish priest in his vestments. Engraving by Johann Gottfried Kolb. From Dictionarium historicum, criticum, chronologicum, geographicum, et literale Sacrae Scripturae, Volume 2, by Augustin Calmet, published Augsburg: Veith.
Black-and-white wood engraving of Jewish high priests in their vestments. From The works of Flavius Josephus, the learned and authentic Jewish historian and celebrated warrior, translated by William Whiston, published Baltimore: Armstrong & Berry.
Black-and-white engraving depicting lifting the Torah in the synagogue. The synagogue is identified by the title as Great Synagogue in London at Duke's Place. The engraving, however, is a copy of an engraving by Bernard Picart depicting the Protuguese Synagogue in the Hague. From Thornton's History of London, published London: A. Hogg.
Color print of gravestones in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague. Illustration by Adolf Kašpar. From Das Prager Ghetto by Ignát Herrmann, Joseph Teige, and Zikmund Winter, published Prague: Verlagsbuchhandlung der Böhm. Graphischen Gesellschaft "Unie".
Color lithograph of the Karaite cemetery of Chufut-Kale. Lithograph by Edmund Walker after a painting by Carlo Bossoli. From The beautiful scenery and chief places of interest throughout the Crimea from paintings by Carlo Bossoli, published London: Day & Son.
Black-and-white wood engraving of of gravestones in the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague. Wood engraving after an illustration by Robert Aßmus. Published in Die Gartenlaube, Heft 45, 1862.
Color lithograph depicting the Jewish cemetery in Gorlice. Lithograph by Luigi Kasimir. From Galizien 1915 : ein Künstlertagebuch by Luigi Kasimir, published Vienna: Kunstverlag Hugo Heller & Cie.
Black-and-white wood engraving of a Jewish money changer from Alexandria. Engraving after an illustration by Leopold Carl Müller. From Egypt : descriptive, historical, and picturesque, Volume 1, by Georg Ebers, published London: Cassell & Company.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish man from Fes. Original engraving by Geroge P. Bartle after a drawing by W. H. Drake. Published in the August 1893 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish woman from Tangier. After a painting by Jean-François Portaels. Published in the May 1884 edition of Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of a Jewish woman from Tangier. After a painting by Jean-François Portaels. Published in the October 1883 edition of Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting Jewish refugees from Morocco during the Spanish-Moroccan War. Original engraving by Charles Maurand after an illustration by Charles Yriarte. Published in the January 28, 1860, edition of Le Monde illustré.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the interior of a sukkah during the celebration of Sukkot. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the ceremony of Havdalah. From the article "The Jews in New York--II" by Richard Wheatley, published in the February 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white engraving depicting building sukkahs for the celebration of Sukkot. From Dictionnaire historique, critique, chronologique, geographique et litteral de la Bible, Volume 3, by Augustin Calmet, published Paris: Emery, Saugrain, & Pierre Martin.
Black-and-white engravings depicting Sukkot at the Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam, above, and Portuguese Jews in a sukkah during Sukkot, below. Engraving after Bernard Picart.
Black-and-white lithograph depicting two men hving a conversation on the street. In German, the text reads : "Alle Wetter!! 200 prct und jetzt wo der Moment gekommen ist, dass ich nothwendig Geld brauche, bekäm ich statt dessen - eine Million Zündhölzl!" In English, the text reads : "All weather! 200 prct and now that the moment is finally here, now that I actually need money, I received a million matches instead!"
Black-and-white lithograph depicting two men outside of a notary. In German, the text reads : --J: "No ne Dublone, oder s'wird Se reie." --N: "Es thut's nit--!" In English, the text reads : --J: Another coin, or else it's going to be free. --N: It's not working--!"
Black-and-white engravings depicting the priestly blessing, above, and lifting the Torah, below, at the Portuguese Synagogue in the Hague. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the Ninth of Av at the Nineteenth Street Synagogue, former location of Congregation Shearith Israel at the corner of 19th Street and 5th Avenue in New York. From the article "The Jews in New York" by Richard Wheatley, published in the January 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the priestly blessing. Original illustration by Irving R. Wiles. From the article "The Jews in New York" by Richard Wheatley, published in the January 1892 edition of The Century Magazine.
Black-and-white engraving of the interior of a synagogue. Engraving by James Mynde. From A new history of the Holy Bible, from the beginning of the world to the establishment of Christianity, Volume 2, by Thomas Stackhouse, published London: Printed for Stephen Austen, 1742-1744.
Sheet music for "Peace, O star of hope," words and music by Rose E. Slesnick, published Oil City, Pennsylvania: R. E. Slesnick. On cover: For the benefit of the Hebrew war sufferers.
Sheet music cover for "Juive et Chrétienne : duo pour 2 voix de femmes," words by Edouard Plouvier; music by Giuseppe Concone, published Paris: S. Richault.
Sheet music for "Liebes-Dialect : Scherzlied von Albert Sémada; für eine mittlere Singstimme mit Begleitung des Pianoforte," composed by Ernst Simon, published Magdeburg: Heinrichshofen's Verlag.
Sheet music cover for Jüdische Volkslieder : für mittlere Stimme mit Klavierbegleitung by Wilhelm Grosz and Paul Juon; edited by Carl Seelig, published Leipzig: Gebrüder Hug.
Color lithograph of a Jewish high priest in the Tabernacle, dressed in holy vestments and surrounded by the furnishings and implements of the Tabernacle. Copyright by J.R. Jones (1880).
Color lithograph of a Jewish high priest in the Tabernacle, dressed in holy vestments and surrounded by the furnishings and implements of the Tabernacle.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving by Caspar Jacobsz Philips after a drawing by Jacobus Buys. From Oude en tegenwoordige staat en geschiedenis van alle godsdiensten, Volume 1, by William Hurd, published Amsterdam: M. de Bruyn, 1781-1791.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction depicting the marriage ceremony of Alphonse James de Rothschild and Leonora de Rothschild. Published in the March 14, 1857, edition of The Illustrated London News.
Black-and-white engraving depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. Engraving after Bernard Picart. From A new and univeral history of the religious rites and ceremonies of all nations in the world by William Hurd, published London: A. Hogg.
Black-and-white offset print reproduction of Alexander the Great meeting the Jewish priests and high priest outside of Jerusalem. From A survey of the Holy Land; its geography, history, and destiny by J. T. Bannister, published Bath: Binns and Goodwin.
Black-and-white engraving depicting the Jews of Rome presenting the Pentateuch to a new pope after his election. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
Black-and-white steel engraving depicting the vestments of the Jewish high priest and priest. Engraving by Bosserodon after François Hippolyte Lalaisse. From Histoire de la Terre-Sainte depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à nos jours by abbé Martin, published Paris: Duménil.
Black-and-white lithograph of a Jewish celebration in Algeria. From Voyage pittoresque dans la Régence d’Alger by Émile-Aubert Lessore and William Wyld. Printed and published Paris: Charles Motte.
Black-and-white engravings depicting a marriage ceremony of Portuguese Jews, above, and Ashkenazi Jews, below, in Amsterdam. Engraving by Bernard Picart. From Cérémonies et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde representées par des figures dessinées de la main de Bernard Picard: avec une explication historique, & quelques dissertations curieuses, Volume 1, published Amsterdam: J.F. Bernard, 1723-1737.
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