Wooden four-holed Army buttons with depressed center, made possibly from ash or similar wood. Images show buttons in varying conditions pre-conservation, four buttons showing forward face following cleaning and freeze drying treatment, and two buttons following cleaning and freeze drying treatment, one showing forward face and one showing reverse side.
Brass Confederate artillery buttons with stylized "A" on forward face and inscription and thread loop on reverse side. Images show the forward and reverse face of the buttons, with buttons in varying conditions following removal from submarine interior, four buttons after cleaning and conservation treatment with forward face showing, and two buttons, one showing forward face and one showing reverse side with eyelet and inscription reading "Halfmann & Taylor, Montgomery", after cleaning and conservation treatment.
Silk bandanna or neckerchief belonging to crewmember James Wicks. Images show the bandana following removal from the submarine interior and the bandana following cleaning, soaking, conservation treatment, and freeze drying.
Binoculars composed of copper alloy barrels (painted black), a horn focus knob, iron pins and 6 elliptical lenses as opposed to round. Images show the binoculars following removal from the submarine interior and initial cleaning, and binoculars after extensive soaking, cleaning, and conservation treatment.
Plain non-military buttons made of bone with depressed center and primarily four holes, though some contain five holes. Images show a small sample of twelve buttons of varying conditions before initial cleaning and desalination, seven buttons of varying conditions following cleaning and desalination, and thirty-five buttons of varying conditions following initial cleaning and desalination.
Left shoe, Brogan style, cut out of two main leather pieces with at least two metal nails in the heel and four eyelets for laces, two of them containing metal rings. Images show boot following removal from the submarine interior, x-ray photograph of the boot containing sediment and bone fragments, and boot following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Pencil composed of wood and coal, split into two halves. Images show the pencil pieces following its removal from the submarine interior sediment and pencil pieces following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Brass clothing buckle with two prongs, discovered with fabric still attached. Front face of buckle has stamped marks "G", "&", heraldic symbol, "C", and numbers, with prong bar face reading "SOLIDE". Reverse face of buckle has stamped mark "1860" with "PARIS" on reverse side of prong bar. Images show buckle following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, front face of buckle following rinsing, cleaning, and thorough drying, and reverse face of buckle following rinsing, cleaning, and thorough drying.
Brass buckle with two prongs, possibly from a vest. Images show buckle following removal from the submarine interior with surrounding sediment and textile, and buckle following rinsing, cleaning, and thorough drying.
Brass thimble, 1.5 cm in diameter. Images show close-up of thimble following removal from the submarine and the thimble following mechanical cleaning and thorough drying.
Domed brass or copper alloy non-military buttons, two-pieced with raised shank and hoop on back. Images show buttons in varying conditions following removal from submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, and four buttons showing forward face domed metal after conservation and one untreated button for comparison purposes showing reverse side with loop.
Non-military brass buttons stamped with design and either two- or four-hole depressed center. Images show four buttons following removal from submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning and two buttons following cleaning and treatment, one showing a stamped rope design and one showing a stamped star design.
Wooden object, possibly a bucket or small cask, made up of staves with a solid wooden end forming the bottom. Images show some staves and wooden end of bucket in its initial location within the submarine interior sediment, staves and wooden end of bucket laid out following initial cleaning, with some staves still concreted together, and staves of bucket reconstructed with velcro bindings following conservation treatment with polyethylene glycol and freeze drying treatment.
Metal suspender button loop and portion of chain made of silver. Images show concreted loop following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, loop following partial deconcretion by mechanical cleaning, and mostly deconcreted loop following mechanical cleaning with chain portion still partially concreted.
Assortment of non-military buttons made of mother-of-pearl, all following surface cleaning and desalination. Images show seven two-holed buttons in varying conditions, four four-holed buttons in varying conditions, forward face of one no-holed button with metal shank and brass hoop back, and the reverse side of one no-holed button with metal shank and brass hoop back.
Union navy uniform buttons, composed probably of brass or copper alloy, with raised upright foul anchor design on horizontal line background and rope border on forward face and backmark inscription that reads "Superfine Standard," with copper alloy attachment clip on back. Images show assortment of Union navy buttons following removal from the submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, two buttons showing forward face and one showing reverse side and clip following mechanical cleaning, four buttons all showing forward face following mechanical cleaning, one button showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with keyring on eyelet following mechanical cleaning, two buttons showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with keyring on eyelet following mechanical cleaning, one button showing forward face and one button showing reverse side with clip following mechanical cleaning, and close-up of two buttons following mechanical cleaning, one showing forward face in background and one showing lateral view of reverse side with clip in foreground.
Cameo-type, non-military button with profile of bearded, male head in brass on white stone wafer with scalloped rim. Images show the button prior to deconcretion and cleaning, and the cleaned button following conservation treatment and sediment removal.
Copper alloy Union infantry buttons, most likely pre-Civil War Federal infantry, with raised Federal eagle clasping three arrows and olive branch and shield containing a capital "I" in the center. Images show forward face of buttons in varying conditions following removal from the submarine interior sediment and initial cleaning, and close-up of three of the buttons following mechanical cleaning, with reverse side of one button showing inscription on back and broken eyelet.
Assortment of non-military four-holed buttons made of glass, possibly ceramic. Images show twenty-five buttons in varying conditions as well as designs showing forward face, seven buttons in varying conditions as well as designs showing forward face, and same seven buttons showing reverse side.
Union navy uniform buttons, composed probably of brass or copper alloy, with raised upright foul anchor design on horizontal line background and rope border on forward face and backmark inscription that reads "Superfine Standard," with copper alloy attachment clip on back. Images show five buttons in similar condition following removal from the submarine interior sediment, three buttons showing forward face and one button missing backing showing interior following soaking and cleaning, and one button showing forward face and one button with missing backing showing interior following soaking and cleaning.
Rubber Union Navy four-holed buttons from Navy peacoat wore by crewmember James Wicks with raised letters "U.S.N.", three stars, and horizontal foul anchor on forward face and raised text on reverse side reading "Novelty Rubber, Goodyear's Patent, 1851, New York." Images show forward face of buttons following removal from submarine interior sediment, reverse face of buttons following removal from submarine interior sediment, and close-up of two buttons, one showing forward face and one showing reverse side, following cleaning and conservation.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Cylindrical canteen stopper made of cork. Images show two conditions of the cork stopper, the first showing the cork stopper following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, and the second showing the cork following super critical treatment.
Gold watch with attached chain and fob, found in mint condition. Images show watch in its initial location within the submarine interior during excavation, the watch with glass cover and sediment concretion on the glass, the inside watch face without the glass cover and the sediment contained within the watch, gears removed from the watch casing with evidence of corrosion, x-ray photograph of the gear mechanism, opposite side of the watch mechanism following conservation treatment, cleaned and treated watch with chain and fob, and close-up of the watch face and clamshell closure with glass and gold cover.
Silver suspenders/braces clasp belonging to Lieutenant George E. Dixon, discovered with the straps’ rubber elastic fragments attached. Images show the clasp following removal from the submarine interior with rubber fragments still attached, close-up of reverse side of clasp with concretion partially removed by mechanical cleaning, close-up of engraved initials reading "G.E.D." on front face of clasp following mechanical cleaning, and full view of front face of the clasp following mechanical cleaning.
Clay smoking pipe bowl and stem, discovered in 2 pieces. Images show pipe in its original location within the submarine interior, stem and bowl pieces of the pipe following initial cleaning, and reconstructed pipe following conservation treatment.
Twenty-dollar federal gold coin belonging to Lieutenant George E. Dixon, its shape warped into a shallow "U" shape by a high-velocity projectile (bullet). First image shows one face of the coin, which retains the face of lady liberty with the date 1860. The other two images show the opposite face of the coin, which exhibits the federal eagle and shield, as well as the words "United States of America" and "Twenty D." The coin has been intentionally filed flat for roughly half of its circumference and is inscribed with the following: "Shiloh...April6, 1862...My life Preserver...G.E.D."
Brown comb with very fine teeth on either side, made probably of horn, and used most likely as a moustache or lice comb. Images show the comb as it was discovered in the submarine interior and following cleaning, soaking, and drying process.
Half of wood pencil separated along the center where lead is contained. Images show pencil during screening of material in sediment bucket and pencil following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Metal identification tag/medallion with notation for its owner Ezra Chamberlain. Images show each side of the tag following cleaning and treatment, the first reading "Ezra Chamberlain, Co. K, Reg C. T., Volunteers, Enterd Service, Sept. 6 1861", and reverse side displaying a profile of George Washington.
Folding or straight razor knife, covers made of horn and all other components made of iron, with mineralized blade. Images show knife within heavy concretion and knife following deconcretion and conservation treatment.
Folding pocket knife, made of antler covers, German silver bolsters, and iron blades completely mineralized. Images show the pocket knife following removal from the submarine interior and the knife following cleaning and conservation treatment.
Leather wallet belonging to one of the crew, made of two sides that fold in, once stitched together, and an additional pocket inside, with a reinforced band of leather for closing. Images show the wallet during the excavation of the submarine interior and the wallet following cleaning, conservation treatment, and freeze drying.
Small wood match stick, about the size of a thick match. Images show the match stick in its original location within the submarine near a ballast block and the match stick following cleaning and freeze drying treatment.
Wooden tooth pick, discovered in three pieces. Images show tooth pick in original location with surrounding sediment during excavation, tooth pick pieces following removal from submarine interior and initial cleaning, tooth pick pieces following mechanical cleaning and freeze drying treatment, and conserved tooth pick pieces reconstructed.
Wooden pipe stem and bowl, broken in two pieces, belonging to one of the crew. Images show the pipe in its original location within the submarine interior, and pipe following cleaning, conservation treatment, and freeze drying.
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